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Glencoe Chapter 3
The Ancient Israelites:vocabulary and study questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an agreement with God; binding agreement made by 2 or more people or groups | covenant |
| means "scattered;" refers to the Jews living outside of Judah | Diaspora |
| a nation that rules several other nations | empire |
| occurs when people are forced to live in a foreign land | exile |
| in Judaism,a deliverer sent by God | messiah |
| belief in one God | monotheism |
| a person who is instructed by God to share God's word | prophet |
| wise sayings | proverbs |
| Jewish religious leader and teacher of the Torah | rabbi |
| a day of worship and rest for Jews and Christians | sabbath |
| a Jewish house of worship | synagogue |
| the sacred book of the Jewish people (the first five books of the Bible) | Torah |
| separate family groups | tribe |
| money or slaves given to a stronger ruler | tribute |
| group of Jews that wanted to fight the Romans for Jewish freedom | Zealots |
| ancient scrolls that have helped historians understand more about Judaism during Roman times | Dead Sea Scrolls |
| group of Jews that taught the Torah and how to apply its laws to daily life | Pharisees |
| group of Jews that accepted the Torah but were more concerned with how it applied to the priests of the Temple | Sadducees |
| group of Jews priests that broke away from the Temple and spent their lives praying and waiting for God to deliver the Jews from the Romans | Essenes |
| group of Jews under the leadership of Jewish priest Judas Maccabeus, who rebelled against Greek ruler Antiochus and finally drove the Greeks out of Judah. They cleansed the temple and rededicated it to the worship of God. | Maccabees |
| Jewish holiday that celebrates the cleansing of the Temple by the Maccabees | Hanukkah |
| groups of letters that stand for sounds; made writing simpler and helped people keep records | alphabet |
| group of people from Cannan who developed the alphabet which was the basis for the alphabet we use today | Phoenicians |
| land promised to Abraham and his descendants by God; Israelite kingdom that lay along the Mediterranean Sea in southwest Asia | Canaan |
| the man from whom Israelites believed they descended | Abraham |
| man whose 12 sons were divided into the 12 tribes of Israel | Jacob |
| raised as pharaoh's daughter's son, this man led the Israelites out of Egypt | Moses |
| the Israelite escape from Egyptian slavery | Exdous |
| helped shape the basic moral laws of many nations | Ten Commandments |
| place where Moses received laws, became first part of the Hebrew bible, from God | Mount Sinai |
| idea that laws should apply to everyone equally | "rule of law" |
| built an Israelite empire and made Jerusalem his capital city | David |
| Israel's capital city | Jerusalem |
| built a splendid stone temple that became the symbol and center of the Jewish religion | Solomon |
| land promised to Abraham and his descendants by God; Israelite kingdom that lay along the Mediterranean Sea in southwest Asia | Canaan |
| the man from whom Israelites believed they descended | Abraham |
| man whose 12 sons were divided into the 12 tribes of Israel | Jacob |
| raised as pharaoh's daughter's son, this man led the Israelites out of Egypt | Moses |
| the Israelite escape from Egyptian slavery | Exdous |
| helped shape the basic moral laws of many nations | Ten Commandments |
| place where Moses received laws, became first part of the Hebrew bible, from God | Mount Sinai |
| idea that laws should apply to everyone equally | "rule of law" |
| built an Israelite empire and made Jerusalem his capital city | David |
| Israel's capital city | Jerusalem |
| built a splendid stone temple that became the symbol and center of the Jewish religion | Solomon |
| Who conquered and scattered the 10 tribes of Israel? | the Assyrians |
| Who conquered the kingdom of Judah? | the Chaldeans |
| What Chaldean king crushed Jerusalem and destroyed the temple? | King Nebuchadnezzar |
| The time in Jewish history when Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the temple and took thousands of Jews to Babylon became known as what? | the Babylonian Captivity |
| food prepared according to Jewish dietary laws | kosher |
| Why did the Assyrians and Chaldeans want to control the land belonging to the Israelites? | they wanted to control the trade routes |
| Who allowed the Jews to return to Judah? | the Persian king Cyrus |
| Why did the Israelites want a king? | to unite them against their enemies |
| How did Alexander the Great affect the Israelites? | He conquered Judah but allowed the Jews to remain in their homeland. He also introduced Greek ideas and the Greek language to them. |
| How did the scattering of Jews outside of Israel and Judah affect our empires in the Mediterranean world? | Hebrew bible was copied into Greek and Jewish ideas spread throughout the Mediterranean world |
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