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Myology Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A muscle that performs a particular action is called a: | Agonist/Prime mover |
| A muscle that performs an action opposing the action of the muscle in question is called an: | Antagonist |
| A muscle that does the same action of the muscle in in question is called a: | Synergist |
| A muscle that contracts to stabalize(but not move)the body is called a: | Fixator/Stabilizer |
| The 3 bones that make up the shoulder complex are the clavical, scapula, and: | humerus |
| which joint is formed where the humerus and scapula meet? | glenohumeral |
| which part of the scapula serves as an attachment site for both the rhomboids and serratus anterior? | medial border |
| Which part of the scapula serves as an attachment site for the levator scapula | superior angle |
| The 3 scapular fossae contain which 3 muscles | infraspinatus, superaspinatus, and subscapularis |
| What attachment site do the trapezius and deltoid muscles have in common | lateral clavical, acromion, spine of scapula |
| what bony landmark of the humerus serves as an attachment site for 3 of the 4 rotator cuff muscles | greater tubercle |
| the lesser tubercle of the humerus serves as an attachment site for which muscle | subscapularis |
| the following 2 muscles are complete synergist | latissimus dorsi and teres major |
| which of the following is an action of all fibers of the deltoids | abduction of the humerus |
| the anterior and posterior fiber of the deltoid are ________ to each other | antagonist |
| which fibers of the trapezius will do adduction of the scapula | middle |
| the upper and lower fibers of the trapezuis are antagonistic for which set of actions of the scapula | elevation/depression |
| latissimus dorsi and teres major both perform the same set of which actions at the humerus | adduction, medial rotation, extension |
| which of the following are actions of the rhomboids | adduction/elevation of the scapula |
| which of the following serves as an attachment site for pectoralis major | crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| which of the following is an action of pectoralis major at the humerus | flexion |
| which of the following attaches to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and the coracoid process | pec minor |
| which of the following will act upon the scapula | pectoralis minor |
| which of the following is an action of the levator scapula | elevation of the scapula |
| the biceps brachii crosses which 2 joints | shoulder and elbow |
| what are the 3 actions of the biceps brachii | flexion of the shoulder, flexion of the elbow, supination of the forearm |
| what is the ulnar bony landmark that makes the elbow "bony" | olecranon |
| what are the 3 actions of the triceps brachii | extension and adduction of the shoulder, extension of the elbow |
| what 3 muscles share an attachment site at the coracoid process of thr scapula | biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, pectoralis minor |
| what are the 2 actions of the coracobrachialis | adduction and flexion of the shoulder |
| brachialis is a very strong muscle for performing which action | flexion of the elbow |
| on which plane of movement do flexion and extension occur | sagittal |
| on which plane of movement do abduction and adduction occur | frontal |
| on which plane of movement do rotations of the body occur | transverse |
| which muscle runs along the radial length of the forearm and creates a helpful "dividing line" between the extensors and flexors of the wrist | brachioradialis |
| which of the following is and action of the brachioradialis | supination and pronation of the forearm, flexion of the elbow |
| all members of the wrist extensor group will arise from a common tendon at which bony landmark of the humerus | lateral epicondyle |
| all members of the wrist flexors group will arise from a common tendon at which bony landmark of the humerus | medial epicondyle |
| extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis will do what action | extension of the wrist |
| the "digitorums" of both the extensor and flexor group will act upon which digits | 2-5 |
| pronator teres shares an origin with which group of the forearm | wrist flexors |
| what is the forearm action of pronator teres | pronation |
| what is the forearm action of supinator | supination |
| which of the following is the latin name for the thumb | pollicis |
| which of the following is the latin name for digit 5 | digiti minimi |
| what is the unique action that occurs between digits 1 and 5 | opposition |
| what are the 4 actions of the vertebral column | extension, flexion, lateral flexion, rotation |
| what is the connective structure that runs on a sagittal plane taht supports C1-C7 | ligamentum nuchae |
| what is unique about C1 | it does not have a sinous process |
| what are the 2 actions of the erector spinae group at the vertebra column | extension and lateral flexion |
| what are the 3 muscles of the erector spinae group from most medial to most lateral | spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis |
| what is the common origin of the erector spinae | thoracolumbar aponeurosis |
| which of the erector spinae attaches from the sacrum to the cranium | longissimus |
| which are the 3 muscles of the transversospinalis group | rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis capitis |
| the multifidi span how man vetebrae | 2-4 |
| the rotatores span how many vertebrae | 1-2 |
| because the multifidi and rotatores run in an angled direction, they do what action on a transverse plane | rotation to the opposite side |
| which member of the tranversospinalis group does not rotate the vertebral column | semispinalis capitis |
| the splenius capitis inserts on the ____ and the the splenius cervicis inserts on the ______ | cranium, cervical vertebrae |
| what is the bilateral action of both splenii | bilateral extension |
| what are the 2 unilateral actions of the splenii | lateral flexion and rotation to the same side |
| which suboccipital originates at the tubercle of the posterior arch of C1 | rectus capitis posterior minor |
| what is the common insertion of rectus capitis posterior major and minor and oblique capitis superior | occiput |
| which of the suboccipitals does not attach to the cranium | oblique capitis inferior |
| which 3 suboccipitals rock and tilt the head into extension | rectus capitis posterior major and minor, and oblique capitis superior |
| which 2 suboccipitals run in the most transverse direction and will do rotation of the head to the same side | rectus capitis posterior major and oblique capitis inferior |
| which muscle is nicknamed the "hip hiker" | quadratus lumborum |
| what action of the trunk does quadratus lumborum assist the erector spinae with | extension |
| what is the origin of the quadratus lumborum | posterior illiac crest |
| what is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum | last rib and transverse processes of L1-4 |
| which of the abdominals runs completely longitudinal, and will only perform flexion of the trunk | rectus abdominis |
| what is the origin of the rectus abdominis | pubic crest and symphysis |
| which actions will externaland internal oblique perform on both a frontal and transverse plane | lateral flexion and rotation |
| for which action are the external obliques and internal obliques antagonist | rotation |
| rectus abdominis, external oblique, and internal oblique all attach on which structures | ribs |
| what is the primary muscle of respiration | diaphragm |
| what are the 2 origins of the sternocleidomastoid | manubrium and medial clavicle |
| what bilateral action will the SCM perform of the head and neck | bilateral flexion |
| what vertebral processes do the scalenes originate along | C2-C7 |
| what 2 structures do the scalenes insert on | ribs 1 and 2 |
| for what 2 actions of the head and neck are the scalenes and SCM synergist | rotation to the opposite side and lateral flexion |
| what arch of the temporal bone serves as the orign of the masseter | zygomatic arch |
| what is the origin of temporalis | temporal fossa |
| on what bone do both the masseter and temporalis insert | mandible |
| what is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with another bone | hyoid |
| which group of muscles form the underside of the jaw (running from the hyoid to the mandible) | suprahyoids |
| which muscle originates in the pectoral fascia and inserts in the skin and lower part of the face | platysma |
| which muscle will raise the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| what are 2 synergist actions of both pterygoids | lateral deviation of the mandible |
| which circular muscle surrounds the eyes | orbicularis oculi |
| which circular muscle surrounds the mouth | orbicularis oris |
| what 3 bones make upthe pelvis | ilium, ischium, pubis |
| what runs along the superior ilium fri=om the ASIS to PSIS | iliac crest |
| what 1 quadricep crosses the hip joint | rectus femoris |
| what is the commom insertion of all 4 quadriceps | tibial tuberosity |
| what 2 quadriceps insert on the medial and lateral lips of the linea aspera | vastus lateralis and vastus medialis |
| what is the common origin of the hamstrings | ischial tuberosity |
| what action will all 4 quadriceps perform | extension of the knee |
| what are the 2 major actions of the hamstrings | flexion of the knee, extension of the hip |
| which is the largest and most posterior gluteal | gluteus maximus |
| what are the 2 insertions of gluteus maximus | gluteal tuberosity and IT band |
| what 3 actions will the gluteus maximus perform at the hip | extension, lateral rotation, abduction |
| which muscle ius named the "deltoid muscle of the coxal joint" | gluteus medius |
| the anterior fibers of the gluteus medius will perform which 2 actions at the hip | flexion and medial rotation |
| the posterior fibers of the gluteus medius will perform which 2 actions at the hip | extension and lateral roation |
| what are the 2 common actions of all the adductors at the hip | adduction and medial rotation |
| which adductor crosses the knee joint | gracilis |
| all of the adductors originate along which bony landmarks | ramii of the pubis, ramus of the ischium, ischial tuberosity |
| which 3 muscles insert at the pes anserinus tendon | grasalis, semitendinosus, sartorius |
| which muscle originates on the iliac crest, just posterior to the ASIS | tensor fascia latae (TFL) |
| which muscle is nicknamed the "pocket muscle" | tensor fascia latae (TFL) |
| what prominent bony landmark of the hip is the origin of the sartorius | ASIS |
| what are the 3 actions of sartorius at the hip | flexion, lateral rotation, abduction |
| what action will the sartorius perform at the knee | flexion |
| piriformis and quadratus femoris will do what action of the hip | lateral rotation |
| what is the origin and insertion of the piriformis | anterior sacrum, greater trochanter |
| What 2 muscles are collectively called "iliopsoas" | iliacus, psoas major |
| the iliacus and psoas major are synergist for what 2 actions at the coxal joint (hip) | flexion and lateral rotation |
| the gastrocnemius originates on what bony landmarks of the femur | condyles |
| what is the common attachment site of the gastrocnemis and soleus | calcaneous |
| for what action are gastrocnemis and soleus synergist | plantar flexion of the ankle |
| peroneus longus originates on which bony landmark of the fibula | head |
| what is the insertion of peroneus longus | base of first cuneiform and forst metatarsal |
| what are 2 actions of the peroneals | eversion and plantar flexion |
| which muscle arises from the lateral condyle and anterior/lateral surface of the tibia, and shares an insertion with peroneus longus | tibialis anterior |
| what are the 2 actions of tibialis anterior | inversion and dorsiflexion of the ankle |
| name the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius |
| name the 3 hamstrings | biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus |
| name the 3 gluteals | gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus |
| name the 5 adductors | pectineus, gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus |
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