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WC CH 14
EA, The renaissance and reformation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Humanism as it applied to the church | Christian Humanism |
| The father of Humanism | Petrarch |
| Painted the Mona Lisa | da Vinci |
| Painted the Sistine Chapel | Michelangelo |
| Known for his realistic paintings | Van Eyck |
| Wrote Utopia about a perfect world | Sir Thomas More |
| Wrote "In Praise of Folly" questioning church practices | Erasmus |
| Painted the "School of Athens" | Raphael |
| Invented Movable Type and the printing press. | Gutenberg |
| When he saw da Vinci's angel, he never painted again. He was da Vinci's master | Verrocchio |
| England’s best-known poet, wrote at least 37 verse plays, many of them based on plots borrowed from ancient works. | Shakespeare |
| Famous German artist and wood engraver. His work is included in Dan Brown's book "The Lost Symbol" | Albrecht Dürer |
| Humanism is an interest in the classics. What classics? | Ancient Greek and Roman |
| a widespread change in culture that took place in Europe, beginning with period between 1300 and 1650 in Europe | Renaissance |
| Where did the Renaissance begin? | Italy |
| why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? | Because of its location on the Mediterranean Sea. Italy became a center of European trade with the rich lands of the East during the late Middle Ages. |
| What were Italy's merchants doing while the rest of Europe was stuck in feudalism? | Italy’s merchants were building great fortunes. |
| most powerful Italian cities became | Independent city-states |
| Were the Italian city-states under the control of a king or noble? | Nope! |
| Why was Humanism such a radical change? | Because the classical works focused on worldly issues, not religious matters. |
| What did the classics explore in their writings? | They explored nature, beauty, and other concepts long ignored in medieval life. |
| What powerful family controlled Florence, Italy and supported the arts? | The Medici family. |
| What did the Italian artists begin to focus on in their works? Was it religion????? | Artists began to focus more on nature and the human form. |
| What the heck is movable type? | Individual letters and marks that could be arranged and rearranged quickly. |
| What happened as the Italian trade moved north and west into the rest of Europe? | The feudal and religious base of medieval society weakened. |
| Renaissance thinkers throughout Europe applied the ideas of humanism to religious thinking. This movement was called | Christian Humanism |
| Erasmus mocked certain church practices because: | These practices, he believed, had little to do with true faith. |
| Sir Thomas More, a lawyer, wrote Utopia to explain a perfect world. He was really doing this instead: | More was actually pointing out problems he saw in his own world, |
| Who wrote "Romeo and Juliet" | Shakespeare |
| What country was Van Eyck from? | The Netherlands |
| What country was Albrecht Dürer from? | Germany |
| What country was Shakespeare from? | England |
| What country was da Vinci from? | Italy |
| What country was Michelangelo from? | Italy |
| What country was Erasmus from | The Netherlands |
| What country was Thomas More from? | England |
| What country was Petrarch from? | Italy |
| What did Galileo do? | Supported Copernicus's ideas and improved the telescope. He also developed the theory of the pendulum and thermometer. |
| What radical idea did Copernicus come up with? | He determined that the Earth revolved around the Sun, not the other way. |
| he was burned at the stake: If the Earth was not the center of the universe, and all those stars clearly seen in the night sky were also suns, then there must exist an infinite number of earths in the universe, inhabited with other beings like ourselves. | Giordano Bruno |
| Martin Luther defended himself to the Emperor Charles V and the nobles at the Diet of | WORMS |
| huguenots | French calvinists |
| theocracy | government ruled by the church |
| predestination | idea that God determined who would gain salvation long ago |
| Name basic causes of the Protestant Reformation. | Corruption of Catholic church. Impact of Renaissance humanism. Declining prestige of papacy. Influence of religious reformers. Resentment of secular rulers over powers of popes and clergy. Invention of printing press. |
| What corruption of the Catholic church helped cause the Protestent reformation? | Sale of church offices (simony) Indulgences. Nepotism. |
| How did the impact of Protestantism help the Protestant reformation? | Humanist ideas contradicted church ideas. The Church started to lose the "spirit" of Christ's message. |
| How did the prestiege of the papacy decline? | Babylonian Captivity. Great Schism. Moral decline. Involvment in secular politics. |
| What was the Babylonian Captivity? | The popes took up residence at Avignon. (wouldn't go.) |
| What was the Great Schism? | Two popes were elected. One in Rome, one in Avignon. |
| What did Wycliffe and Hus advocate? | Personal communication with God. Diminshed importance of sacraments. Weakened clergy. |
| Why did the secular rulers resent the popes? | The secular rulers didn't want papal supremacy over the state. Wanted the land of the Church. |
| Who was Tetzel? | Friar that sold indulgences under Pope Leo X. |
| What were indulgences supposed to do? | Resolved sins of those that died to make their way to heaven easier. |
| What did Matin Luther nail to the door of the Wittenburg church and what did it do? | His 95 These. It was used to list his problems with the church. |
| What are the 6 main tenants of Lutheranism? | Salvation by faith alone. The Bible is the ultimate authority. The grace of god brings absolution (not indulgences.). Baptism and communism are the only valid sacraments. The clergy is not superior to everyone else. The church is subordinate to the state. |
| What is transubstantiation? | The belief that in the Catholic Mass, thhe bread and wine became the Body and Blood of Christ. |
| What is consubstantiation? | The belief that Christ was present but not literally the bread and wine. |
| What caused the immediate cause of Luther's excommunication? | He burned the papal bull from Leo X |
| What is the Diet of Worms? | A tribunal of the HRE with the power to outlaw and to condemn people to burning at the stake. |
| What did Franz von Sickengen do? | Along with other Lutheran knights, he attacked Catholic priests in the Rhineland. |
| What was the Peasant's War? | In Germany, the peasants revolted aginst landowners. They were demanding the abolition of manorialism. |
| What was the Diet of Speyer and why do all of these diets sound like bugs? | It refused the German princes the right to determine the religion of their subjects. |
| What was the League of Schmalkalden? | Protestant princes banded together to defend themselves against the emperor. |
| Who established Protestantism in Switzerland? | Huldreich Zwingli |
| Certificates being sold by the Catholic Church, claiming that they reduced the punishment Indulgence | indulgence |
| Christian who prepared the way for the Protestant Reformation. He said the Church should focus on telling people how to live good lives rather than scare them in to following a "checklist" so they'll get into heaven | Erasmus |
| Complaints written by Martin Luther about the Catholic Church | Ninety-five Theses |
| Declared Martin Luther to be an outlaw and commanded that all of his writings be burned. | Edict of Worms |
| What was the first Protestant faith? | Lutheranism |
| This declaration recognized Protestantism as a legal faith, but said that the ruler could determine whether the citizens could be Catholic or Protestant | Edict of Nantes |
| This German monk started the Protestant Reformation when he nailed complaints about the Catholic Church to a door in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. | Martin Luther |
| Leader of the Holy Roman Empire during the Protestant Reformation...did not like the ideas of Martin Luther | Charles V |
| Prince in the Holy Roman Empire that saved Martin Luther by keeping him in hiding although he had been declared an outlaw. | Frederick of Saxony |
| Pope during the Protestant Reformation...called Luther a "drunk Monk" then later threatened him with excommunication. | Leo X |
| Word that means acceptance into heaven | Salvation |
| Associated with hell, this place is where a sinner serves punishment for their sins, according to the Catholic Church | Purgatory |
| Catholic friar famous for the sale of indulgences | Tetzel |
| Martin Luther translated the Bible into this language | German |
| Martin Luther's teaching that a person does not have to do good actions to get to heaven they only need faith | Justification by faith |
| A person who led a holy life, has died or was martyred, and now has special access to God. Praying in the name of this person could get your prayers answered according to the Catholic Church | Saint |
| Bone, hair, or other object from a holy person or event that is said to have miraculous powers, according to the Catholic Church. Used to draw one closer to God. | Relic |
| scapegoats | people who were blamed for all the problems, mostly poor women |
| reqonquista | in Spain, the Jews and muslims were kicked out and expelled |
| ghetto | a separate part of the city that contained Jews |
| Charles V | king of Spain, and of Holy Roman Empire |
| Galileo | perfected telescope, first to identify the moons of Jupiter |
| heliocentric | sun-centered |
| hypothesis | possible explanation |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | believed heliocentric |
| Tycho Brahe | provided evidence of Copernicus' idea |
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