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Chapter.12

The Modernization of the Western World

QuestionAnswer
Ausgleich The "Compromise" of 1867 that created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Austria and Hungary each had its own capital, constitution, and legislative assembly, but were united under one monarch.
Bolsheviks The minority of Russian Marxists led by Lenin who seized dictatorial power in the October Revolution of 1917.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen The epoch-making manifesto issued by the French Third Estate delegates at Versailles in 1789.
Directory The five-member executive organ that governed France from 1795 to 1799 after the overthrow of the Jacobins and before Napoleon gained control.
Duma The Russian legislature created by Tsar Nicolas II.
Jacobins Radical revolutionaries during the French Revolution; organized in clubs headquartered in Paris.
Materialism The belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideal is an outgrowth of physical forces and that truth is found in concrete material existence, not through feeling or intuition.
Monroe Doctrine The announcement in 1823 by U.S. president James Monroe that no European interference in Latin America would be tolerated.
Realpolitik "Politics of reality". Politics based on practical concerns rather than theory or ethics.
Reign of Terror The period (1793Ð1794) of extreme Jacobin radicalism during the French Revolution.
Social Darwinism The misadaptation of Darwinian biology to human societies; it stressed competition and struggle between humans and justified the rule of the powerful over the weak.
Socialism An ideology that calls for collective or government ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods.
Created by: bellabella
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