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Scanlon A&P ch 1
Organization and General Plan of the Body
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| anatomy | study of structure |
| physiology | study of function |
| pathophysiology | study of disorders of functioning |
| disease | disorder or disruption of normal body functioning |
| diagnosis | the procedures used to identify the cause and nature of a persons illness |
| inorganic chemicals | simple molecules made of one or two elements other than carbon |
| organic chemicals | compounds containing both hydrogen and carbon |
| cells | smallest living unit |
| tissue | group of cells with similar structure |
| epithelial tissue | cover of body surfaces |
| connective tissue | connects and supports parts of the body |
| muscle tissue | specialized for contraction which brings movement |
| nerve tissue | specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate body functions |
| organ | group of tissues arranged to accomplish specific functions |
| organ system | group of organs that all contribute to a particular function |
| homeostasis | the ability of the body to maintain balance despite external changes |
| negative feedback | mechanism that reverses the body's response to stimulus |
| axillary | armpit |
| brachial | upper arm |
| buccal | mouth |
| oral | mouth |
| cardiac | heart |
| cervical | neck |
| cranial | head |
| cutaneous | skin |
| deltiod | shoulder |
| femoral | thigh |
| frontal | forehead |
| gastric | stomach |
| gluteal | buttocks |
| hepatic | liver |
| iliac | hip |
| inguinal | groin |
| lumbar | small of back |
| mammary | breast |
| nasal | nose |
| occipital | back of head |
| orbital | eye |
| parietal | crown of head |
| patellar | kneecap |
| pectoral | chest |
| perineal | pelvic floor |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| popeteal | back of knee |
| pulmonary | lungs |
| renal | kidney |
| sacral | base of spine |
| temporal | side of head |
| umbilical | navel |
| volar | palm |
| anatomic position | standing upright facing forward arms to side palms facing forward |
| dorsal cavity | posterior cavity containing crainial and spinal sub-cavities |
| ventral cavity | anterior cavity containing thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic sub-cavities |
| cranial cavity | fromed by skull containing the brain |
| spinal cavity | formed by backbone contains spinal cord |
| meninges | lining of dorsal cavity |
| thoracic cavity | contians heart and lungs |
| pleural membranes | lining of the thoracic cavity |
| parietal pleura | lines the chest wall |
| visceral pleura | covers the lungs |
| pericardial membranes | covers the heart |
| abdominal cavity | includes liver, stomach, and intestines |
| peritoneum | lining of the abdominal wall |
| mesentery | continuation of peritoneum that covers abdominal organs |
| pelvic cavity | contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
| superior | above or higher |
| inferior | below or lower |
| anterior | toward the front |
| posterior | toward the back |
| ventral | toward the front |
| dorsal | toward the back |
| medial | toward the midline |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| internal | within or interior to |
| external | outside or exterior to |
| superficial | toward the surface |
| deep | within or interior to |
| central | the main part |
| peripheral | extending from the main |
| proximal | closer to the origin |
| distal | farther from the origin |
| parietal | pertaining to the wall of the cavity |
| visceral | pertaining to the organs withing a cavity |
| frontal section | plane that seperates into front and back |
| sagittal section | plane that seperates into right and left portions |
| midsagittal section | plane that seperates into equal right and left portion |
| coronal section | plane that seperates into front and back |
| transverse section | plane that seperates into superior and inferior |
| cross section | plane perpendicular to the long axis of an organ |
| longitudinal section | plane along the long axis of an organ |
| computed tomography (CT) scanning | computer inhanced x ray image of the brain or body |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | a three dimensional image of the body based on its response to a magnetic field |
| positron emission tomography (PET) | computer generated image of brain activity based on glucose consumption in the brain |
| abdominal quadrants | seperated by the transverse plane and the midsagittal plane |
| nine abdominal areas | seperated by two sagittal planes and two transverse planes to nine equal areas |
| upper three abdominal areas | above rib cartilages (left hypochondriac, epigastric, right hypochondriac) |
| middle abdominal areas | left lumbar, umbilical, right lumbar |
| lower abdominal areas | below top of the pelvic bone (left iliac, hypogastric, right iliac) |
Created by:
eestrand
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