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Introduction HofM
History of Medicine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mesopotamia | Sumeria, Babylon, and Hammurabi |
| Sumeria | Cuneiform tablets -outline therapies -treatise of Medical diagnosis and prognosis -3,000 entries on 40 clay tablets *3000 BCE* |
| Babylon and Hammurabi Code of Hammurabi | -282 laws governing medical practice -Medical regulated fees -Malpractice penalties -Physicians = priestly and more protected *1728-1686 BCE* |
| Egypt | -Magical (Spiritual) treatments -Had Shamen -Imhotep -Papyri *3000 BCE* |
| Imhotep | -Ancestor of modern physicians -Healer, high priest, astrologer and architect -designed first pyramid tomb *2700 BCE* |
| Georg Ebers papyrus | -most important papyrus -oldest surviving medical text -many diseases, drugs, and formulae *1550 BCE* |
| Ancient Greece | Mycenean period = 1500-1100 BCE |
| Homer's Iliad | describes battle wounds and treatment in Trojan war |
| Asclepius | -Ancient Greek -Son of Apollo -Heroic warrior and blameless physician |
| Many diseases known by Greeks | -epilepsy aka "scared disease" -anenorhea -puerperal fever -dysentery -malaria -TB -varicella -diptheria |
| Athenian Plague | -fever, thirst, and painful skin rash -killed thousands -cost Athens the war against Sparta |
| Many Practitioner Classes | -no rules -iatroi= part time healers -exorcists, fold healers, root cutters -priest healers |
| Asclepiads | -families claiming ancestry of Asclepius -Hippocrates |
| Asclepions | -temples of healing -epidouros= most celebrates -cos= birthplace of Hippocrates -priest healing -abatons= private areas |
| Empedocles | postlated "Hippocratic" elements (earth, air, fire, water) |
| Pythagoras of Samos | -may be real founder of Hippocratic oath -balance of contraries |
| Alcmaeon of Croton | -first human dissection -described optic nerve |
| Hippocrates | -father of medicine -Corpus Hippocraticum= medicine is science, art, profession -primum non nocere= First do no harm *460-390 BCE* |
| Corpus Hippocraticum | -60-70 essays -observation, not theory -foundation of western medicine -rejects idea that gods caused disease -emphasize patients -based on externals, not internal disease |
| Hippocratic Medicine | -patient oriented -favored regimen, not drugs -prognosis -natural healing power -sometimes doing nothing is best for patient |
| 4 Humors of Hippocratic Theory | -Yellow Bile= vomiting and summer dysentery -Phlegm= winter colds -Blood=Life =more plentiful in spring = removing excess -Black Bile= form of yellow = dried blood? |
| Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt | -center of education -library and museum were centers of learning about millennium -attracted scholars, philosophers and pupils |
| Herophilus of Chalcedon | -greek founder of Alexandrian medical school -dissected human cadavers, describing and naming the internal organs -disected and studied brain and nerves -arteries contain blood -first to systematically study the pulse |
| Erasistratus of Chios | -Greek founder of Alexandrian medical school -believed body was a machine -described valves of the heart -heart functioned as a pump, not the center of sensations |
| Hellenistic Medicine | When alexander died, Hellenes (generals) divided world into various kingdoms |
| Archagathus | First physician to practice in Rome |
| Asclepiades of Prusias-on-Sea | -First notable Roman physician -Hippocratic practitioner -influenced 3 centuries of Roman medicine -attended high ranking Romans |
| Social aspects of Roman medicine | -wealthy, slaves, and soldiers were most likely to receive treatment -male and female physicians practiced (many were slaves) -hospitals didn't exist -religious centers for healing (asclipions) existed throughout empire |
| Aretaeus of Cappadocia | described many diseases- diabetes, epilepsy, tetanus and mental disorders |
| Soranus in Ephesus | -medical methodist -wrote Gynaecology |
| Rufus of Ephesus | -Hippocratic practitioner -60 writings and case histories preserved |
| Galen of Pergamum | -most influential of "ancients" -central figure of traditional Western medicine -HUGE volume of medical writings -Art of medicine to science -Got many interpretations in relation to anatomy and physiology wrong |
| Galen of Pergamum | -Therapeutics had much in common with greeks -rejected magical/spiritual care -mind and body link (especially stress syndromes) |
Created by:
MastamikeOD
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