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Chabner Ch3 Appendix
Chabner, Language of Medicine 7th ed Chapter 3 Appendix
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Hernia | a protrusion of an organ or muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it. |
| Hiatal hernia | when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm |
| Inguinal hernia | when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region |
| rectocele | protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina through a weak part of the vaginal wall muscles |
| omphalocele | herniation of the intestines through the navel (occuring in infants at birth) |
| cystocele | when part of the urinary bladder protrudes through the vaginal wall due to weakened pelvic muscles |
| streptococcus | berry-shaped bacteria that grows in twisted chains |
| staphylococcus | berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters |
| abscess | a collection of pus, white blood cells and protein present at the site of an infection |
| diplococci | berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| hemoglobin | protein in erythrocytes that carries oxygen |
| leukocytes | white blood cells (5 different types) |
| granulocytes | polymorphonuclear cells that contain dark-staining granules |
| eosinophil | (granules stain red with acid) active and elevated in allergic conditions |
| basophils | (granules stain blue with basic stain) function is not clear, may play a role in inflammation |
| neutrophils | important disease-fighting cells that are phagocytes. |
| "polys" | neutrophils, most numerous white blood cells |
| mononuclear leukocytes | have one large nucleus (2 types of mononuclear WBCs) |
| lymphocytes | lymph cells; produce antibodies, T cells and B cells |
| monocytes | engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells |
| thrombocytes | platelets, formed in the bone marrow and necessary for clotting the blood. |
| anemia | reduction in number of erythrocytes or hemoglobin |
| aplastic anemia | severe anemia when bone marrow fails to produce erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes |
| ischemia | hold back blood from a part of the body |
| tonsillitis | infection of the tonsils |
| acromegaly | endocrine disorder produces excessive amount of growth hormone |
| achondroplasia | inherited disorder when bones of arms and legs fail to grow to nromal size because of a defect in both cartilage and bone. |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abadominal cavity using a laparascope |
| arteriole | the smallest arteries |
| venules | smallest of veins |
| adenoids | lymphatic tissue near the nose and nasal passages (literal: resembling glands) |
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