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WS unit 1
Intro & Ancient Civilizations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| continents | the world's main continuous expanses of land (Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America) |
| ocean | the whole body of salt water that covers nearly three fourths of the surface of the earth, which is divided into the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans |
| latitude | the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes |
| longitude | the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England, or west of the standard meridian of a celestial object, usually expressed in degrees and minutes |
| hemisphere | a half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by an imaginary line passing through the poles |
| poles | a geographical pole is either of the two points-the north pole and the south pole-on the surface of a rotating planet (or other rotating body) where the axis of rotation (or simply "axis") meets the surface of the body |
| irrigation | system of ditches and canals that transports water from a source into an agricultural field |
| settlement | establishment of a people in a new region |
| agriculture | raising of crops for food |
| nomads | people who wander from place to place |
| artifacts | objects made and used by early people |
| domestication | the taming of animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs |
| Paleolithic | “old stone” age in man first used stone tools (from @2.5 million B.C. to 10,000 B.C.) |
| Mesolithic | “middle stone” age in which man first used tools to hunt, tamed dogs, and hollowed out canoes for fishing and to cross rivers (from about 10,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.) |
| Neolithic | “new stone” age in which a shift was made from food gathering to food producing (from about 8,000 B.C. to 2,000 B.C.) |
| archaeologists | scientists who study artifacts to learn about early people |
| anthropologists | scientists who study early man to understand how he lived |
| civilization | complex culture that can produce a surplus of food, establish large towns with a government and has people who perform different jobs |
| hieroglyphics | form of ancient writing from Nile River valley based on pictographs |
| cuneiform | Sumerian writing made b y pressing a wedge-shaped tool in clay |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| Hammurabi’s Code | a comprehensive set of laws dating from @1790 B.C., considered by many scholars to be the oldest laws established |
| reincarnation | the rebirth of a soul in a new body |
| caste system | complex form of social organization that began to take shape after the Indo-Aryan migration |
| karma | the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences |
| covenant | solemn agreement |
| nirvana | perfect spiritual peace, as taught in Hinduism |
| Buddha | a title given to the founder of Buddhism, Siddartha Gautama (c.563–c.483 bc) who was born an Indian prince, then renounced wealth and family to become an ascetic, and after achieving enlightenment, a teacher |
| Judaism | the monotheistic religion of the Jews, based on the laws revealed to Moses and recorded in the Torah |
| Yaweh | a form of the Hebrew name of God used in the Bible |
| Hinduism | a major religious and cultural tradition of the Indian subcontinent characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures |
| Buddhism | a widespread Asian religion or philosophy, founded by Siddartha Gautama in NE India in the 5th century B.C., which teaches that enlightenment may be reached by elimination of earthly desires and of the idea of the self |
| Animism | belief that spirits inhabit everything |
| Zoroastrianism | A monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century B.C. |
| Brahman | the supreme god of Hinduism |
| Brahma | the creator god in later Hinduism, who forms a triad with Vishnu the preserver and Shiva the destroyer |
| Shiva | the destroyer god in Hinduism who forms a triad with Brahma the Creator and Vishnu the preserver |
| Vishnu | the preserver god in Hinduism who forms a triad with Brahma the Creator and Shiva the destroyer |
| Confucianism | a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius in early China |
| Daoism | a philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu in early China advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events |
Created by:
raiver
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