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RAD 0318 Part II
Imaging Procedures and Protocols
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient is being positioned for a routine scan of the brain. Why is he asked to tuck his chin down toward his chest? | To reduce the radiation exposure to the lens of the eyes |
| What is the expected HU value of a measurement taken in a lateral ventricle? | 4 to 8 |
| Which is a typical injection protocol for a routine examination of the brain? | 100 mL delivered at 1 mL/s, scan delay of 5 minutes |
| Compared with a cerebral CTA, what parameter must be changed for a cerebral CTV? | Delay from the start of injection to the start of scanning is increased |
| What is the goal in performing perfusion studies for patients with acute stroke? | To distinguish infarcted tissue from the penumbra |
| For what study might data be acquired while the patient is lying prone on the CT table? | High-resolution chest CT |
| A volumetric HRCT study refers to a protocol that includes: | A sampling technique that is intended to provide representative areas of the lung |
| Why do many protocols for the evaluation of PE scan in the caudal-to-cranial direction? | To reduce artifacts attributable to patient motion |
| What must happen to a thrombus for it to be referred to as an embolus? | It must detach from its original site |
| At a particular institution the PE protocol includes a second scan series, performed 180 seconds after the IV contrast. What is the purpose of this second series? | To check the pelvis and lower extremities for deep vein thrombosis |
| What heart valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle? | Tricuspid |
| B-blockers are likely to be used as part of a cardiac CT protocol when the: | patient's heart rate is higher than 65 bpm |
| An imaging technique that attempts to acquire data only during cardiac segments with the lowest cardiac motion is called: | prospective ECG triggering |
| A patient who is scheduled for a CT study has an irregular heartbeat with a rate of approximately 85 bpm. For which clinical indication is this the most problematic? | coronary artery disease |
| Why is it recommended that cardiac CT calcium scoring be restricted to patients with risk factors for coronary artery disease, rather than using it as a screening tool for all patients? | risks related to the radiation dose are a concern; for asymptomatic patients with no cardiac risk factors, it is not certain that the benefit of the exam outweighs the risks from the radiation exposure |
| Although patient compliance can sometime be a factor, what volume of oral contrast is typically considered the minimum amount needed for a routine CT study of the abdomen and pelvis? | 600 mL |
| Which is a window setting used to visualize subtle liver lesions? | 350 ww; 70 wl |
| A noncontrast CT of the abdomen is ordered on Mr. Smith. The primary indication is a 15-year history of alcoholism. What can the technologist do to help the radiologist determine whether the patient has a fatty liver? | Place a region of interest HU measurement within the liver and spleen before filming |
| The phase of liver enhancement that occurs 60 to 70 seconds after an IV bolus injection is called the: | portal venous phase |
| For what clinical indication might a dual-phase (late arterial and portal venous) CT of the abdomen be requested? | to assess possible liver metastasis from a primary thyroid tumor |
| The nephrogram phase is seen approximately ____ after IV contrast injection. | 110 seconds |
| An adrenal mass that measure less than or equal to 10 HU on unenhanced CT: | is an adenoma |
| What explains the diversity in clinical presentation of acute appendicitis? | the variable position of the appendix |
| A focused appendiceal CT refers to a scan protocol that: | limits the scan area to the lower abdomen and upper pelvis |
| What percentage of urinary tract calculi will be seen on non contrast helical computed tomography? | 99% |
| Why are isotropic voxels particularly important in images of the musculoskeletal system? | isotropic voxels enable MPR images to be created in any plane with the same spatial resolution as the original sections |
| Why is it recommended to position the patient for a shoulder CT so that the unaffected arm is extended over the patient's head? | to reduce streak artifacts |
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