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Socials 9
Revolutions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| English society 17th century | Upper class - Consists of the monarchs, king’s advisors, the nobles, and high church officials. - Middle Class – merchants, manufacturers, landowners, professionals, and military officers. - Lower Class – ordinary workers and peasants. |
| The fight with Parliament Summary | Charles lived a very wealthy lifestyle that he didn’t have the money to support. He tried to get money from the parliament who wouldn’t lend him any. So he ended up is a big fight with the parliament. Also he tried making the people pay more t |
| The Civil War | - Civil war is a terrible kind of war because people within a country fight each other, and even family members may take different sides. - It was Charles against the Parliament. - Charles’ supporters were mostly called “Royalists” or “Cavaliers”. |
| The Triumph of Parliament | - After Charles was executed his son automatically became Charles the 2nd. - So England was only a republic for a short while. |
| Glorious Revolution | After the death of Charles the 2nd, his successor was James the 2nd, who was openly Catholic. Anti – Catholic felling in England was very high. In the very beginning he infuriated parliament because he made Catholics his high officials. |
| Glorious Revolution II | James also made it very clear that he believed in the divine right of kings and intended to take power away from the parliament. Support for James quickly evaporated and rebellions soon broke out. Parliament became distressed by James’ intents. |
| The Civil War II | They came from noble families and were used to fighting and riding. Parliament’s troops were called Militia and were local farmers and townspeople. Charles had the advantage of trained warriors.Parliament controlled the navy. Began in 1642. |
| The Civil War III | After Charles was defeated he had a trial and was sentenced to death. He was executed. |
| Glorious Revolution III | Actions so they invited James’ daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, to become queen and king of England. They agreed to do so. James’ supporters began to flee the country and, eventually James himself out of England, abdicating throne. |
| Glorious Revolution IIII | For the first time the monarch was chosen by the parliament and not by hereditary law. |
| Puritanism appealed to people in business and to smaller landowners | Puritans were against elaborate meetings and decorations. You had to pay money to the church for those elaborate services and such. It was appealing because it was a way to save money for the small business’ and landowners. |
| It would be difficult to be Catholic during the Glorious revolution | many of the people at that time were against Catholics and the king was a bad example of a Catholic. |
| How do you write a paragraph? | Intro - Thesis - 1 paragraph - 2 paragraph - 3 paragraph |
| Oliver Twist story | Conditions – respect elders to the extreme, and overseers, punishments were cruel, no education, not fed very well.Workhouses – a house where poor people stayed and went to work. Board – people who ran a particular business, (the workhouse). |
| Oliver Twist story II | Beadle – the person in day-to-day charge of the workhouse. Oakum – loose fibres picked from old ropes that are used to caulk ships. Gruel – a light, thin liquid, fed to the workers, made by boiling a cereal such as some oatmeal in water. |
| Imperialism | The policy of extending control of a region or regions by one nation. Imperialism usually involves both economic and political controls |
| Nationalism | The belief that one’s own country is the best country. Napoleon’s belief in Nationalism helped him defeat the Austrians. |
| Colonialism | Control of one part of the world by a powerful country, often for commercial advantage. |
| Effects of Colonialism on trade | It increases trade because of all the colonies being made and colonized. |
| The industrial revolution changed the nature of work by: | textile machinery made things produce quicker and more efficiently saving more time and raising the economic systems. |
| Tomas Sabory | Spinning jenny was named after his wife – hand cranked, spun many spinners at the same time. |
| James Hargedues | 1720 – 1777: Had no education, married Elizabeth Grimshaw in 1740, had any kids, rioters were jealous of his inventions. |
| John Kay | 1704 – 1764: Flying shuttle – large looms controlled by one person, faster and more efficient. Invented textile machinery. |
| George Stephenson | 1781 – 18 48: in 1829 he invented the first locomotive that pulled a small train, vehicles, about 39 km in 1815. Changed the design of the locomotive. Franess Henderson was his first wife. |
| Sir Richard Arkwright | 1732 – 1762: spinning frame for weaving strengthened the thread. He was the youngest of 13 children and married Margaret his second wife. He was the richest man in England when he died. |
| Agrarian revolution | 1968’s people though there was an agricultural revolution. They looked back and realized that the real revolution had be slowly progressing Major event included enclosure of open fields Development of breed and livestock The intro of four crop rotation. |
| Causes of improvement | rapidly growing population - increased the demand for food - prices rose rapidly, increases profitability - Villages that had been self sufficient now began to produce for the market - Better transports - New crops, crop rotations, and new buildings |
| New Crops | potatoes, red clover, turnips – into Brittan improved farming practices because farmers could feed their livestock through winter. animals didn't need to be slaughtered in the autumn for the meat could be salted. clover returned nurtients to the soil. |
| 4 course rotation | 18th century saw the replacement of the three field system of wheat, barley, and fallow.By the four course crop rotation which was made to insure that no land would need to lie fallow between periods of cultivation. If crops are rotated right it's nutri |
| Turnip Townsend & Norfolk System | the system was subsequently popularized by enlightened land owners such as viscount “Turnip Townsend” & Tomas who used to produce greatly increased crop yields on his farm lands in Norfolk and encouraged other farmers and landowners to use the same method |
| Livestock Farming | Other pioneers of the new farming methods that were developed in Brittan in the latter part of the 18th century included the livestock farmer Robert Bakewell. Who improved the quality of horn stock and sheep by means of selective breeding healthy animals. |
| Calling brothers | Other successful breeders ; (calling brothers) of County Durham, England (Durham shorthorns) George Cully of Northumberland (Lester) |
| Adam Smith | Scottish political economist & Moral philosopher. Who wrote Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nation. One of earliest attempts to study historical development of industry and commerce in Europe.formed the basics of Capitalism |
| Adam Smith's book | (blank) |
| Adam Smith's book | helped create modern academic discipline of economics. provided one of the best known intellectual rationales for Free Trade. free trade, capitalism, libertarianism (freedom). best known rationales of the above. |
| Free trade | is an idealized market model often stated as a political object. trade of goods and services between counties flows unhindered by government imposed cost. |
| Capitalism | is an economic system in which the means of production are mostly privately owed and capital is invested in the production, distribution, and other trade of goods and services for profit in a competitive free market |
| Libertarianism | Political philosophy advocated that an individual should do what they want with tier person or property as long as they do not infringe on the same liberty as the others. |
| Karl Heinrich Marx | (socialism) German philosopher (very influential).Famous for his translations in history of class struggles. (Came from the middle class). wrote The Communist Manifesto.didn’t believe that all people worked the same way. |
| Quotes of Karl | the alienation (don’t do it) of human work was the defining feature of Capitalism. Who a person is, was determined by when and where a person is. Social Context is more important than internal behavior (Personality). How one works is not personal |
| Corn Laws | were passed in 1815. placed a duty on grain being imported into Britain to fill the difference of the price of grain in Britain and North America. |
| Anti-corn laws | 1839 - took the tax off grain being imported. |
| Reform Bills | A reform is a king of social movement that aims to make gradual change rather than rapid or fundamental changes. Reformists ideas are often grounded in liberalism. It is distinguished or set apart for more radical social movements such as revolutionary |
| Toll | A fee for using a road |
| Fodder | Animal food |
| Social reformer | A person or people who wish to change to capture of society |
| Entrepreneur | A person who runs a business, taking the risk in order to earn a profit |
| Franchise | The right to vote |
| Society | The upper-class |
| Market | Those wishing to purchase goods |
| Idealize | something with sort of a romantic haze around it.Not realistic |
| Locomotive | A steam engine designed to pull cars on a railway. |
| Background of John Locke | Influenced the G.R. anti - monarch. They made up a plan to assasinate the king, but the king found out and ran away. Escorted princess Mary back to take the throne. |
| Locke's Ideas | Liberalism. didn't beleive in the divine right of kings. no religious institution. Beleived in natural rights - life, liberty, and property. Revolt against government if they aren't doing what's right for everyone. no need for government to have any power |
| Labour Theory of Property | If you put labour itno something it becomes yours. |
| Tubula Rasa | A Latin word that means clean slate (no set morals) |
| Fancois-Marie Araet de Voltair | known for his wit and intelligence. defended civil liberties including freedowm of religion and the right to a fair trial. used his writing to critisize churchteachings and beleifs and french institutions of his day. |
| Philisophe | Educated people who had theories about society and government |
| Voltair's Ideas | bourgeoisie and upper class were small and ineffective. acristocrasy was corrupt. commeners were ignorant and superstitious. the church was only useful as a counter-balance to the monarchy. church took money from government for a tax. |
| "All knowledge comes to us through expirience" | Locke |
| "Human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance" | Locke |
| "I distrust democrasy in which I see as propagating the idiocy of the masses" | Voltair |
| Jean-Jaques Rousseau | Human nature! there was a lack of moralitity and justice. Do what's right for everybody. Athority should be in the hands of the people. |
| "Human beings are basically good by nature, but they're corrupted by society" | Rousseau |
| Locke - Government/Law | revolt against the gorvernment if they're not doing what's best for the people. No need for the government to have any power |
| Rouseau - Government/Law | People don't need them. When they are for the good of hte people the people will start to love the country. We'll need them when our country breaks down. |
| Voltair - Government/Law | They shouldn't be ruled through representitives (parliament) |
| Locke - Religion/the church | When people reason, people flourish, materially and spiritually. |
| Rouseau - Religion/the church | Man is good by nature and that contradicts the theory of original sin. |
| Voltair - Religion/the church | only good because it kept balance. good because they take the money that the government wants from thier taxes. |
| "Ruling body, if it offendes against natural law, must be depressed" | Locke |
| "One hundred years from my day, there will no be a Bible in the earth except one that is looked upon by a curiosity seeker" | Voltair |
| "Absolute silen leads to sadness. It is the image of death" | Rouseau |
| "It is unatural for a majority to rule. For a majority can seldom be roganized and united for specific action and a minority can" | Rouseau |
| "Wherever law ends, tyrrany begins" | Locke |
| "As long as people beleive in absurdities they will continue to comit atrocities" | Voltair |
| Locke - The monarchy | Didn't want a king and beleived that they should not be ruled by a monarch, nor should a religious "club" have absolute power. |
| Voltair - The monarchy | The idea of a king was good and the king should have trusted advisors like himself. |
| Rouseau - The monarchy | Authority should be in the hands of the people. Authority should only be for the good of the people and no one should have absolute power. |
| Locke - Human rights | If you put labour into something it becmes yours. knowledge comes to us through expirience. We are not divine creatures. revolt agains the government if they aren't doing what's right. Tubula Rasa |
| Voltair - Human rights | Freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. |
| Rouseau - Human rights | What's best for the people. don't need laws. but will need them when they breakdown. |
| Locke - Humankind | Human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance. |
| Voltair - Humankind | The idiots should be allowed to vote and the idiots outpopulate the wise. |
| Rousseau - Humankind | good by nature that get's corrupted by society. |
| Locke - Society/classes | The individual and society will thrive matuerially and spiritually if people reason. |
| Voltair - Society/classes | the bourgeoisie was small and insignificant. Aristocrasy was corrupt |
| Rousseau - Society/classes | lack of morality and justice. didn't beleive in private property. politics and morals chould not be mixed together. |
| What was the GR also called? | The bloodless revolution and the Revolution of 1688 |
| Peasants | few read or wrote. had little to show for thier hard work. no acess to education. forced to spend some of thier time working on the lord's property and government projects. Aristocrats hunted over thier land and crops, but owed them nothing. king careless |
| Aristocrasy | made to take ballet. forced to live with the king. had no control over thier lives. weren't aloud to do anything because they weren't part of the government. |
| Bourgeoisie | didn't like monarchs because they spend too much on themselves. |
| Magna Carta | the Great Charter that garaunteed people's civil rights. was signed in 1215 |
| siditious libel | false and malicious statements against the monarch, which was treason. |
Created by:
elizabeth-christo
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