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G146 - Sci.Rev.&Enl.
Mr. Dowd's Class: Unit 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heliocentric | The belief, mainly explored by Copernicus, that the planets revolve around the Sun, and not the Earth |
| Enlightenment | A period in which many intellectuals began to rethink the ways of government, society, and thought |
| Salons | Social gatherings (often held by women) in which intellectuals met to discuss enlightenment ideas |
| Separation of Powers | A system in government in which no one person controls every part of rule (e.g., Great Britain: King, Cabinet and Parliament) similar to the United States' Checks and Balances system |
| Geocentric | The belief that the earth is unmoving and at the center of the entire universe, made "popular" by the Catholic church |
| Social Contract | A belief about the way those who govern and their governed should act or coexist, Hobbes': People are bad, need good ruler to control them, power comes from people |
| Deism | Belief in god based on only reason and nature |
| Natural Rights | John Locke's list of rights that all humans have, and that the government must protect: Life, Liberty, and Property |
| Scientific Method | A way of using logic to learn about the universe, Problem - Hypothesis - Experimentation - Collection of Data - Analysis of Data - and Conclusions |
| Philosophes | French Philosophers who believed in Reason, Nature, Happiness, Progress, and Liberty |
| Checks and Balances | Using several branches of government to prevent one person from seizing total control |
| Isaac Newton | An English scientist who discovered gravity and invented Calculus |
| Rene Descartes | A skeptic who believed that nothing (Other than one's own existence) can be known for certain, used mathematics and logic to solve problems |
| Baron de Montesquieu | A french Philosophe who believed in the Separation of Powers, admired Great Britain's government |
| Galileo Galilei | A Italian scientist who observed space using the telescope, he drew the "wrath" of the Catholic church for supporting Copernicus' Heliocentric theory |
| John Locke | believed that humans could improve from their past experiences, believed that government must preserve every human's Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property |
| Voltaire | (Francois Marie Arouet)A French writer who used satire to defend freedom of religion and freedom of speech |
| Francis Bacon | Believed that Science could improve human life, used Empiricism: the process of experimenting to learn about the universe |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed that humans are naturally bad, and that they need a ruler to control them, presented the Social Contract, believed that Absolute Monarchy was the best form of government |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Believed that women need education to be "virtuous and useful", encouraged women to seek jobs in male-dominated fields |
Created by:
Vingkan
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