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Hydrocephalus
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Meningitis
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Nat. Review chpt. 28
Diseases of the nervous system
| Disorder | Definition | Cause | Contraindications/Indications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrocephalus | Increased csf fluid surrounding the brain, can accompany many other disorders | Oversecretion or impaired absorption of csf, obstruction of csf drainage pathways | Typically not a contraindication, may be prudent to contact client's dr. before bodywork if in doubt |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges, 50-60% fatal if untreated, infecting microorganisms invade subarachnoid space and with cellular debris and fibrin can block CSF drainage causing rapid increase in intracranial pressure. Symptoms fever, malaise, headache | Bacterial or viral infection of the meninges spread from upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, or pneumonia | Do not touch client, could be contagious. Massage beneficial after treatment |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain, leads to nerve cell degeneration and ultimately brain damage, symptoms include fever, malaise, headache, lethargy, seizures, delirium, and coma (same symptoms as meningitis) | Almost always a viral infection transmitted through the bite of a mosquito, tick, or rabid animal or through respiratory channels | Massage is not indicated |
| Seizures | Sudden, involuntary, and sometimes violent contractions of a group of skeletal muscles accompanied by loss of consciousness | Increased electrical activity of the brain from injury, fever, or tumor | Massage is contraindicated during a seizure, deep tissue or painful massage is contraindicated for those who are prone to seizures, avoid perfumes or colognes (may trigger episode), contact client's dr. if in doubt |
| Stroke | Brain damage resulting from ischemia to an area of the brain, third leading cause of death in the US | Blood vessel rupture or occlusion | Obtain dr. advice, generally massage should be gentle and rhythmic, avoid pressure on any artery |
| Poliomyelitis | Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, sometimes results in partial paralysis, can be fatal if respiratory muscles are involved | Viral infection that destroys only certain motor nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord | Massage in postacute phase can increase circulation to affected areas, reduce anxiety, and promote muscle tone. |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Disease characterized by loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord and lower cranial nerves, results in skeletal muscle weakness and eventually death | Unknown | Massage may sooth muscle spasm, improve motor function, and improve psychologic well-being, consult with client's dr., involve a family member or friend in treatment |
| Multiple sclerosis | Progressive disease involving demyelination of the neurons in the CNS, faulty nerve conduction causes muscle weakness and uncoordinated muscle activity, affects people 20-40. Symptoms become worse, the better, only to become worse again | Unknown | Caution must be used due to impaired neurologic sensitivity |
| Huntington's disease | Progressive disease of the nervous system characterized by rapid, writhing contortions or rigidity of the muscles in the hands, arms, trunk, and face. Leads to total incapacitation and death after abt. 15 yrs. | Genetic defect affecting the frontal cortex of the brain | Massage may sooth muscular spasm, improve motor function, and improve psychologic well-being, consult with client's dr., involve a family member or friend in treatment |
| Spinal bifida | Failure of the vertebral arch to close during early fetal development, condition remains asymptomatic unless the meninges or spinal cord protrudes | Genetic defect | Avoid the immediate area, general massage would be beneficial to reduce stress, muscle contractions, and muscle spasms, energy work would also be appropriate |
| Throacic outlet syndrome | Compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery as it passes through the anterior and middle scalene muscles and under the clavicle and pectoralis minor muscle on its way into the axillary region | Tight scalene muscles, presence of an additional rib | Use caution when working around the brachial plexus in the neck or axilla region |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | Most common neuropathy involving the median nerve in the wrist, symptoms include pain, parethesia, anesthesia, or diminished sensation in the hand, common in people who work a lot with their hands, leads to atrophy of the thumb muscles | Compression on the median nerve from tenosynovitis, inflammation of the flexor retinaculum | Massage of the cervical muscles, pectoralis minor muscle, and muscles of the upper and lower arms are all indicated to relax the muscles involved and to improve circulation and nerve function |
| Epilepsy | Condition characterized by long-term disturbances in the brain that lead to seizures, diagnosis depends on a history of at least two unexplained seizures | Increased electrical activity of the brain for unknown cause | Massage is contraindicated during a seizure, deep tissue or painful massage is contraindicated for those who are prone to seizures, avoid perfumes or colognes (may trigger episode), contact client's dr. if in doubt |
| Parkinson's disease | Slow, degenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in substantia nigra in the midbrain, flow of motor programs greatly impaired, symptoms include tremors, bradykinesia, tiredness, weakness, poor balance, mask-like expression of the face, slow speech, | Loss of cells in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine, resulting in decreased dopamine production | Consult with client's dr. massage may reduce muscle spasms and associated stress and anxiety |
| Alzheimer's disease | Progressive disease characterized by dementia and loss of memory, patient loses more long-term memory and suffers from personality fragmentation as the disease progresses | Genetic defect of chromosome 21 resulting in decresed production of acetylcholine in the brain | Massage can sooth muscular spasm, improve motor function and improve psychologic well-being, it may be wise to include a family member in the client's treatment |
| Sciatica | Neuritis of the sciatic nerve | Trauma, tight surrounding muscles, bacterial infection | Massage of the lumbar region and posterior thigh is usually very effective in reducing muscle spasm that may be compressing the nerve, if you see no improvement after several treatments refer to dr. |
| Bell's palsy | Neuritis of the facial nerve causing paralysis of one side of the face, paralysis can be temporary | Bacterial or viral infection, trauma to the nerve | Overall massage can reduce anxiety related to the condition, use cation around the ear region |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | Degeneration or compression of the trigeminal nerve with associated neuralgia or pain along the nerve distribution | Trauma, compression of the nerve | Avoid the entire facial region as massage may aggravate the condition |
| Cerebral palsy | Collection of permanent, nonprogressive motor disabilities, lesions affect certain motor areas and sometimes other areas of the brain, resulting in impairment of motor movement or mental impairment | Derived from perinatal brain injury | Check with client's dr. avoid any deep tissue work |
| Tension headache | Most common form of headache, compression of blood vessels and nerves occurs because of sustained contraction of the muscles of the neck and scalp | Stress, overuse, sustained awkward positioning of the neck | Massage to posterior head, neck, and shoulders is very effective in relaxing tense muscles |
| Migraine | Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation of cerebral blood vessels, characterized by intense throbbing pain, flashing lights, blind spots, double vision, nausea, light sensitivity, and hallucinations | Stress, caffeine, oral contraceptives, cigarette smoke, various foods and smells | Massage of the neck and shoulders may be very beneficial, use caution during an acute episode, check with dr. if necessary |
Created by:
skpoem
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