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cranial nerves 344
1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nerves | Carry electrical messages ALL over the body. |
| Cranial Nerves | Lead from the base of the brain to parts of the body they affect. |
| Sense RECEPTORS | Carry messages related changes in the environment toward the spinal cord and brain. |
| 1.) Olfactory | SMELL |
| 2.) Optic | VISION |
| 3.) Oculomotor | EYE MOVEMENT |
| 4.) Trochlear | EYE MOVEMENT |
| 5.) Trigeminal | FOREHEAD and SCALP SENSATION; CHEEK SENSATION; CHEWING |
| 6.)Abducens | EYE MOVEMENT |
| Divisions | CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (autonomic is part of the peripheral) |
| CNS (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) DIVISIONS | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| PNS (PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) | Cranial Nerves (12 pairs) Spinal Nerves (31 pairs) Autonomic Nerves (branches) |
| Autonomic Nerves | Branches from PNS: PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES and SYMPATHETIC NERVES |
| Brainstem | Pons Medulla Oblongata |
| Medulla Oblongata | Connects the spinal cord with the rest of the brain. Contains three important vital centers that regulate internal activities of the body. |
| 3 IMPORTANT VITAL CENTERS: 1.) Respiratory Center | Controls Muscles of respiration in response to chemicals or other stimuli. |
| 2.) Cardiac Center | Slows the heart rate when the heart is beating too rapidly. |
| 3.) Vasomotor Center | Affects (constricts and dilates) the muscles in the walls of blood vessels, thus influencing blood pressure. |
| 3 IMPORTANT VITAL CENTERS | Regulate internal activities of the body. |
| Neurologic Disorders | Congenital; Neoplastic (tumors); Degenerative, movement, and seizure; Traumatic; Infectious (meningitis and encephalitis); Vascular (stroke) |
| HYDROCEPHALUS (congenital disorder) | Abnormal amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. Can also occur in adults through tumors or infections. |
| Spina Bifida (congenital disorder) | Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neuro tube defect) |
| Alzheimer's Disease (AD) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. |
| Epilepsy (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity. |
| Huntington Disease (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration. |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue. |
| Myasthenia Gravis (MG) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles |
| Palsy (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) e.g. Cerebral Palsy; Bells Palsy |
| Parkinson Disease (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement. |
| Tourette Syndrome (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words. |
| Herpes Zoster (Shingles) (Infectious disorders) | Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves. |
| Meningitis (Infectious disorders) | Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis. |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Encephalopathy (Infectious disorders) | Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS. |
| Brain Tumor (neoplastic disorder) | Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges. |
| Cerebral Concussion (traumatic disorders) | Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours. |
| Cerebral Contusion (traumatic disorders) | Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours. |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (VASCULAR disorders) | Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke. (cerebral infarction) |
| 3 TYPES OF STROKES | 1.) THROMBOTIC 2.) EMBOLIC 3.) HEMORRHAGIC |
| BLOOD CLOT | THROMBUS |
| BLOOD CLOT IN THE ARTERY THAT LEADS TO THE BRAIN; RESULTING IN A BLOCKAGE IN THE VESSEL? | THROMBOTIC |
| DISLODGED BLOT CLOT TRAVELS TO CEREBRAL ARTERIES AND BLOCKS SMALL VESSEL? | EMBOLIC |
| A BLOOD VESSEL, SUCH AS THE CEREBRAL ARTERY, BREAKS AND BLEEDING OCCURS? | HEMORRHAGIC |
| MIGRAINE (VASCULAR disorders) | Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache. (aura) |
| AURA | Peculiar sensations that precede the onset of illness. sensitivity to light (photophobia) " " sound flashes of light before the eyes partial blindness |
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