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Nat. Review chpt. 23
Introduction to disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Disease | Impairment of the health, condition, or normal functioning of the body |
| Pathology | Study of disease |
| Pathophysiology | Study of the physiologic processes of a disease |
| Pathogenesis | Pattern of development of a disease |
| Epidemiology | Study of the occurrence, transmission, and distribution of a disease |
| Etiology | Study of causes of disease |
| Mortality rate | Death rate for a specific region or population affected by a specific disease |
| Morbidity | Ratio of those who ar diseased to those who are well |
| Endemic | Disease affecting a community |
| Epidemic | Disease affecting and entire region |
| Pandemic | Disease affecting the entire world |
| Diagnosis | Identification of a specific disease or condition |
| Prognosis | Expected outcome of a particular condition |
| Acute | Term used to describe a condition with an intense, sudden onset and short duration |
| Chronic | Term used to describe a condition with a less intense, long-term onset and long duration |
| Local | Confined to a specific area of the body |
| Systemic | Affecting the body or entire body |
| Signs | Outward, observable abnormalities |
| Symptoms | Abnormalities that the patient complains of that cannot necessarily be detected by an observer |
| Syndrome | Certain group of signs or symptoms, usually with a common cause |
| Trauma | Physical, chemical, or radioactive damage to the body |
| Infection | Invasion of a pathogenic microorganism |
| Degeneration | Breakdown of body tissues, usually due to "wear and tear" |
| Autoimmunity | Condition in which the body's own immune system creates an immune response to destroy its own tissues |
| Age is a risk factor because | Each age group is susceptible to certain diseases that may or may not affect any of the other age groups |
| Gender is a risk factor because | Some diseases may be limited to or more prevalent in one gender then another |
| Heredity and race is a risk factor because | Some diseases are genetic making some families or races more prone to certain diseases |
| Physical exposure is a risk factor because | Exposure to the physical elements can damage the body's systems |
| Nutrition is a risk factor because | Improper diets or diets deficient in certain nutrients lead to disease |
| Congenital defects are a risk factor because | Some diseases are present at birth |
| Occupation is a risk factor because | Different occupations predispose to certain diseases |
| Preexisting disease is a risk factor because | Having one or more diseases can increase the risk of other diseases |
| Psychogenic influences are a risk factor because | Mental and emotional health influence health overall |
| Life-style and habits are a risk factor because | Certain life-styles and habits have been linked to disease |
| Virulence | Ability of an organism to cause disease |
| Aerobe | Oragnism that can live in the presence of oxygen |
| Anaerobe | Organism that can live without oxygen |
| Asepsis | State of being without infection or contamination |
| Sterile | Asepsis |
| Antisepsis | Inhibiting microorganism growth, preventing microorganism reproduction |
| Sterilization | Act of completely removing all living organisms including bacterial spores |
| Bacteria | Small single-celled organisms with no nucleus, found in virtually every environment, reproduce by binary fission, come in many shapes and sizes |
| Binary fission | Dividing into two daughter cells |
| Staphylococcus and streptococcus | Common spherical bacteria, part of the normal flora of the skin, nose, mouth, and mucous membranes, cause many different kinds of infection |
| Viruses | Single-celled organisms covered by a protein shell, not considered true living cells, have no independent metabolic processes, contain their own genetic DNA |
| How does a virus reproduce? | When a virus enters a living cell the viral genes are released and used by the host cell to produce more viruses, the production of viruses by the host cell eventually alters or destroys the cell itself |
| Fungi | Eukaryotic cells, multiply by budding and producing spores, grow in dark damp places |
| Signs of inflammation | Redness, swelling, heat, pain |
| Is inflammation acute, chronic, or either? | Either |
| Acute inflammation is | Brought on by nonspecific injury, has a greater degree of blood vessel involvement and usually subsides in a relatively short time |
| Chronic inflammation is | Brough on by persistent irritation and aggravation, is slower spreading and leads to a larger amount of scar tissue buildup |
| Restricted ROM due to chronic inflammation is caused by | Presence of fluid around joints |
| Adhesions | Abnormal joining together of tissues surrounding organs and joints, may result from scar tissue buildup |
| Chronic inflammation can cause | Excess scar tissue |
| Excess scar tissue can | Impair the functioning of the organ |
| Functions of histamine | Vasodilation, increase in blood vessel permeability |
| Antihistamine | Blocks the effects of histamine |
Created by:
skpoem
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