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world cultures!
world cultures vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| confucianism | a chinese philosophy that emphasizes personal morals, relationships and sincerity |
| confucius | the founder of confucianism who lived in the 5th century BC. |
| Anelects | ancient books that outlined confucianism philosophy |
| filial piety | important value of confucianism, duty to respect your parents |
| reciprcity | an exchange between persons, groups or states |
| taoism | mystical chinese philosophy which emphasizes simple honest life, living in harmony with nature (polytheistic/animistic religion) |
| tao | "the way" "the route" "the true nature of the world" |
| yin & yang | opposing forces of the world. yin- femenen. yang- masculen |
| lao-tzu | founder of taoism 6th century BC |
| tao te ch'ing | ancient book that outlines the taoist beliefs |
| henothiesm | to worship a single god that can exsist in different forms |
| hinduism | "eternal youth" oldest religion in the world, enphasizes spiritual disapline. 80% of indias population |
| brahman nirguna | the one ga=od also known as the universal spirit |
| brahma | the creator of the world, and represents birth |
| vishnu | the preserver of the universe, reprsents life |
| shiva | the destroyer of the universe, represents death |
| caste system | social structure in which social classes (varnas) are determined by birth |
| varna | four levels of the social class system that your belong to |
| buddhism | religion that focuses on a life of moderation and compassion |
| buddha | "awakened one" a person who has reached enlightenment and over come human suffering |
| siddhartha | origonal buddha who grew up in a life of luxury to disscover how to stop human suffering |
| four noble truths | basic buddhist teachings outlined the reasons for suffering how to end it |
| eightfold path | 8steps to eliminate the suffering in your life |
| enlightenment | a state of extreme clarity that allows you to see the cause of your suffering and how to escape it |
| nirvana | union with the universe after death |
| mahayana | branch of buddhism with a focus on practice/day that buddha is a god |
| theravada | oldest branch of buddhism, focuses on individual enlightenment through intstense meditation |
| monroe doctrine | announced by president monroe in 1823 aimed to close off the americas from european colonization |
| roosevelt corollary | president theodore roosevelt in 1904 stated that the US could intervene anywhere in the western hemisphere to maintain order and prevent wrong doing |
| neocolonialism | informal domination of another, society: political, economical or cultural |
| paramilitary | a group of civilions that organize an army against their government |
| guerilla | member of an armed force that fights a stronger force using sabatoge and harassment |
| cartel | formal organization of producers that agree to coordinate prices and production |
| coyote | a person who smuggles illegal immagrants to the US ($ and are cruel) |
| benazir bhutto | 1st female prime minister of pakistan assasinated in 2007 for supporting democracy |
| asif al zardari | current president of pakistan and the widower of benazir bhutto |
| durand line | border between afghanistan and pakistan, poorly drwn borders, very dangerous |
| militarism | belief that a country should have a stong military |
| muhajirs | native Urdu speaking muslims of india who migrated to pakistan fallowing independance |
| pervez musharraf | recent president of pakistan (99-08) military leader who took power through military coup d'e tat (overthrow) and resigned from office due to democratic official |
| urdu | one of the two official languages of pakistan |
| shalwar kameez | traditional dress wron by men. shalwar-loose baggy pants. kameez-large shirt |
| swat valley | taliban power house in north-west pakistan |
| taliban | islamic extreme terrorist group that took over afghanistan in 1994 and inforced sharia law until 2001 |
| mujahedeen/mujahid | different ethnic groups who fight the common enemy |
| mudrassa | schools that teach extremist, racial islam |
| pashtun | dominant ethnic group in afghanistan |
| pashtu/dari | two dominant languages in afghanistan |
| hamid karzai | first democratically elected and current president of afghanistan |
| khyber pass | main route through afghanistan to pakistan |
| insurgency | rebellion group made up of f=different ethnic groups fighting against a common enemy |
| counter insurgency | defense tactics used to attack the insurgency |
| burqa | female head covering that conceals everything but the eyes |
| samsara | cycle of life, death and rebirth |
| dharma | one of the four goals of a hindu, duty in life (job, characteristics, who you are) |
| karma | one of the four goals of a hindu, the positive or negative force that comes from a persons actions, if you do something something good, something good will happen to you |
| ahimsa | one of the four goals of a hindu, belief that all forms of life are sacred and should be treated with respect |
| artha | one of the four goals, goal in life, what you want to acomplish, personaly, mentaly, proffesionaly |
| moksha | ultimate goal in hinduism, freedom from the cycle of life, death and rebith |
| pampas | dry grass lands of argentina |
| gauchos | cowboys of argentina |
| llanos | grassy, tropical plains of columbia |
| landgrabbers | people who steal land from the natives in the amazon |
| favela | filthy, poverty stiicken towns, slums of latin america |
| ecotourism | tourism to exotic or threatened ecosystem to observe or preserve nature |
| paradox | a statement that contradicts itself |
| three-tiered vegetation | 3 layers of the rain forest |
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