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World History Final
Mr Skinner's World History End of Year Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor whose main goal was to restore the previous glory of Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire |
| Omar Khayyam | mathematician and astronomer who also became popular for his poetry |
| Theodora | she was the strong willed wife of Justinian who gave him a back bone in rough times |
| Procopius | Court historian who described Justinian in bad life after Justinian death |
| Muhammad II | was the Ottoman sultan that vowed to conquer Constantinople |
| Patrick of Ireland | born to Christian parent in Britannia then soon because bishop and patron saint of Ireland |
| Benedict | Christian monk who founded a monastic order with rather harsh rules |
| Scholastica | Benedict’s sister who founded a convent and adopted the same rules has her brother |
| Clovis | established the Merovingian Dynasty, he also became ruler over the Franks at the age of 15 and after appealing to his wife’s Christian God, won a victory and he and his people became Christian |
| Charles Martel | nicknamed “the hammer” famously defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours and stopped the Muslims advance into W. Europe |
| Pepin | son of Charles Martel; known for being rather short and after becoming and receiving the pope’s blessing his gives the pope thousands of acres which create the papal states |
| Charlemagne | As the first Holy Roman emperor, Charlemagne promoted the arts and education, and his court became the cultural center of the Carolingian |
| Leo III | He repulsed several Muslim invasions and carried out an extensive series of reforms. In 726, he banned icons and other religious images; the resulting iconoclastic controversy led to more than a century of political and religious turmoil |
| Eric the Red | founded the first Nordic settlement in Greenland |
| Leif Erickson | was a Norse explorer who is regarded as the first European to land in North America |
| William of Normandy | 1st Norman king of England |
| Henry II | developed a jury system, and sent royal judges throughout England |
| Hugh Capet | King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty |
| Thomas Aquinas | wrote “Summa Theologica” and considered one the greatest Church scholars ever |
| Pope Urban II | known for starting the First Crusade |
| Saladin | He reconquered Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187, but he was defeated by Richard the Lionhearted at Arsuf in 1191 |
| Richard the Lionhearted | King of England and leader of the 3rd crusade |
| Pope Innocent III | ask for the members of the 4th crusade to recapture Jerusalem though that never worked out |
| King John | succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Richard I; lost his French possessions; in 1215 John was compelled by the barons to sign the Magna Carta |
| Edward I | avoided fight with upper class by raising the tax of the middle class; gave the middle class more say in government; and created the two houses of Parliament the house of Common and the House of Lords |
| Philip IV (The Fair) | established French parliament which including three estates made up of the clergy, nobles, and the middle class |
| Pope Boniface VIII | most known for his fight with Phillip the fair resulting in the Bull of 1296 and the Bull of 1302 |
| Pope Clement V | moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, France |
| John Wycliffe | said Jesus Christ was the head of the Church, believed that clergy shouldn’t own land, translated the Bible into English and opposed the French pope |
| Jan Hus | from Bohemia (Czech) similar ideas to John Wycliffe preached in Czech language |
| Edward III | started the hundred year’s war by invading France; it was also in his reign as king that the Black Plague began to hit |
| Charles the Dauphin | Prince of France that allowed Joan of Arc to lead an army against the English |
| Joan of Arc | : French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king; she was later tried for heresy and burned at the stake |
| Henry VII (Tudor) | head of the house of Lancaster in the War of the Roses; married the daughter of Edward IV and so united the houses of York and Lancaster |
| Ferdinand | the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella; his marriage to Isabella I in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain and united Spain as one country; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 |
| Isabella | wife of Ferdinand and queen of Castile and Aragon. With her husband she made Catholicism the official faith of Spain |
| Giotto | introduced the concept of perspective and used more human like figures |
| Dante | Italian writer who wrote his works in the Vernacular (everyday language instead of Latin) “Divine Comedy” |
| Petrach | “Father of Humanism”; he loved classical culture like the Greeks or Romans |
| Castiglione | “The Courtier” a book written describing the ideal man and women |
| Ghiberti | created bronze doors called the “Gate of Paradise” decorated with biblical scenes |
| Brunelleschi | created the dome for the Cathedral of Florence |
| Donatello | created the bronze statue called David |
| Machiavelli | created a book that would later serve as a guide for rulers “The Prince” |
| Michelangelo | great painter and sculptor greatest works include the Pieta, David (Marble), Moses, and the Sistine Chapel |
| Raphael | some of his most famous works included many pictures of Madonna and “School of Athens” |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | he was a great painter and inventor; he painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper and was even known to have invented object the helicopter, bike, and even a machine gun. |
| Johann Gutenberg | created the first printing press |
| Albrecht Durer | He was a great engraver and his work would show realism |
| Hans Holbein | one of the greatest portrait painter, some of his portraits look like real pictures |
| Jan van Eyck | used oil based paint to show the beauty in things like clothes or jewels |
| Marco Polo | sparked interest in traveling with his adventures to China |
| Prince Henry (The Navigator) | Prince of Portugal that wanted to find a new way to get to China and possible discover new land as well |
| Dias | reached the tip of the Cape of Good Hope |
| Da Gama | rounded Africa at the Cape of Good Hope and reached India |
| Columbus | first European to land on North America |
| Vespucci | the man that America is named after |
| Balboa | first European to see the Pacific Ocean |
| Magellan | first to circumnavigate the world |
| Cabral | after being blown off course by a storm he discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal |
| Verrazano | Italian navigator in the service of France. He was the first European to enter New York Bay |
| Cartier | French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence River and laid claim to the region for France |
| Champlain | French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec |
| Marquette | French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley |
| LaSalle | French explorer who claimed Louisiana for France |
| Cabot | an Italian in the service of England, sail from England in 1497 in search of Asia, but in fact discovered the mainland of North America |
| Sir Francis Drake | English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England |
| Thomas More | English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state |
| Erasmus | Great scholar writing “In Praise of Folly” he criticized many clergy member with a very low reading ability |
| Martin Luther | German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds |
| Johann Eck | German Roman Catholic theologian who was an indefatigable opponent of Martin Luther |
| Henry VIII | his divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church in 1534 and his excommunication 1538, leading to the start of the Reformation in England (1491 |
| John Calvin | was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism |
| John Knox | founded Presbyterianism in Scotland and wrote a history of the Reformation in Scotland |
| Ignatius Loyola | founded the Society of Jesus |
| Pope Paul III | Called for the council of Trent in 1545 |
| Charles V | created the “Peace of Augsburg” which stated that the religion of each German state would determine by the ruler of that state |
| Copernicus | proposed a model of the solar system in which the planets orbit in perfect circles around the sun |
| Kepler | used math to proved the Heliocentric Theory of Copernicus Galileo |
| Vesalius | surgeon who is considered the “Father of Anatomy” |
| Leeuwenhoek | used Microscope to study micro-organisms “Father of Microbiology” |
| Hagia Sophia | a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey |
| Justinian Code | The Codex Justinian; the Digest; the Institutes; the Novella |
| Sultan | A Muslim sovereign |
| Mese | was the main thoroughfare of Constantinople the street was the main scene of Byzantine imperial processions |
| Jihad | holy war |
| Constantinople | The former name of Istanbul from ad 330 (when it was given its name by Constantine the Great) until the capture of the city by the Turks in 1453 |
| “Greek fire” | when it hit ships would burst into flames and the fire could float on the water |
| Ghazis | A Muslim fighter against non |
| Bedouins | a predominantly desert |
| Hegira | Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina |
| Ottoman Turks | a particular group of Turkic peoples that established and ruled a powerful empire that dominated Southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of North Africa from the late Middle Ages to the early twentieth century |
| Seljuk Turks | were a Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries |
| Monastic communities | groups of men or women that devote their lives to prayer and God |
| Merovingian Dynasty | dynasty founded by Clovis I that reigned in Gaul and Germany from about 500 to 750 |
| Mayor of the Palace | superior of the house |
| Carolingian Dynasty | dynasty founded by Charlemagne's father that ruled from 751 to 987 |
| Missi Dominici | official commissioned by the Frankish king or emperor to supervise the administration “emissaries of the master” |
| Carolingian Miniscule | a script developed as a writing standard in Europe so that the Roman alphabet could be easily recognized by the small literate class from one region to another |
| Scandinavia | A large peninsula in northwestern Europe, occupied by Norway and Sweden |
| Norsemen | An ancient Scandinavian; a Viking |
| Feudalism | the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war |
| Fief | a piece of land held under the feudal system |
| Manor | A large country house with lands |
| Serfs | An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate |
| Guilds | A medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power |
| Great Schism Eastern Orthodox Church | The breach between the Eastern and the Western Churches, traditionally dated to 1054 |
| Tithes | One tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the church and clergy |
| Heretic | A person believing in or practicing religious heresy |
| Romanesque Cathedrals | architectural style of Medieval Europe characterized by semi |
| Gothic Cathedrals | architectural style features include the pointed, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. |
| Flying buttresses | A buttress slanting from a separate pier, typically forming an arch with the wall it supports |
| Common Law System | a legal system founded not on laws made by legislatures but on judge |
| Duchies | The territory of a duke or duchess |
| Medieval Universities | an institution of higher learning which was established during High Middle Ages period and is a corporation |
| Latin | language used by the Romans |
| Crusades | Turks ended pilgrimage routes to Jerusalem |
| Magna Carta | the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 |
| Due process | Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, esp. as a citizen's entitlement |
| Limited monarchy | A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the perimeters of a written unwritten or blended constitution. |
| 2 house parliament England | House of Commons and House of Lords |
| Absolute monarchy | A monarchy without any limits set down in a constitution. |
| Estates General (3 parts) | Clergy, Nobles, and Middle Class |
| Unam Sanctum | stated two earthly powers Temporal and Spiritual |
| Babylonian Captivity | a period of seventy years beginning in 1309 during which French kings controlled the papacy |
| Council of Constance | the council in 1414 |
| Black Death | The great epidemic of bubonic plague that killed a large part of the population of Europe in the mid 14th century |
| Hundred Years War | A wars between France and England, conventionally dated 1337–1453 |
| 3 sources of power for monarchs | Taxes, Military and Bureaucracy |
| War of the Roses | the Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars between supporters of the rival houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England |
| Reconquest | a term commonly used for campaigns of Byzantine General Belisarius, under the command of Emperor Justinian, to re |
| Renaissance | The revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th–16th centuries |
| Scholasticism | Narrow |
| Humanism | An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters |
| Important Towns in Italy | Florence, Venice, and Genoa |
| Ideal Renaissance image | Educated, Well Rounded People |
| Medici family | Florence's ruling family, major industry was banking |
| The Prince | written by Machiavelli and used the guide future rulers |
| Sistine Chapel | painted by Michelangelo |
| Last Supper | painted by Leonardo da Vinci |
| Printing Press | Invented by Johann Gutenberg |
| Utopia | Book written by Thomas Moore |
| Middleman | Italy and Arabs |
| Astrolabe | device that measure latitude |
| Compass | device that measure direction |
| Pacific Ocean | named by Magellan |
| Papal Line of Demarcation | The “line” that declared that Brazil belonged to Portugal |
| Northwest Passage | a water route that goes straight to Asia |
| Roanoke | An enterprise by Sir Walter Raleigh to establish a permanent English settlement in Virginia. This colony disappeared without a trace |
| Jamestown | A British settlement established on the James River in Virginia in 1607, abandoned when the colonial capital was moved to Williamsburg at the end of the 17th century |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present |
| Puritans | someone who adheres to strict religious principles; someone opposed to sensual pleasures |
| Pilgrims | A person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons |
| New Amsterdam | a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island |
| Epidemics | A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time |
| Slave Trade | The procuring, transporting, and selling of human beings as slaves |
| Primogeniture | by which the whole real estate of an intestate passed to the eldest son |
| Indulgences | A grant by the pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution |
| Diet of Worms | A meeting of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's imperial diet at Worms in 1521, at which Martin Luther was summoned to appear |
| Act of Supremacy | Royal Supremacy is specifically used to describe the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England |
| Predestination | The divine foreordaining of all that will happen with regard to the salvation of some and not others |
| Theocracy | A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god |
| Presbyterian Church | the Protestant denomination adhering to the views of John Calvin |
| Council of Trent | redefined the Roman Catholic doctrine and abolished various ecclesiastical abuses and strengthened the papacy |
| Peace of Augsburg | stated that the religion of each German state would determine by the ruler of that state |
| Heliocentric theory | sun is the center of the universe |
| Kepler | developed 3 laws of planetary motion |
| Telescope | invented by Galileo |
| Medical textbook | created by a Flemish scholar named Versalius |
Created by:
bridget1995
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