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Rubenstein vocab
rubenstein vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid deposition | Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the atmosphere-where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid - and return to Earth's surface. |
| Acid precipitation | conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog. |
| Active solar energy systems | Solar energy system that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices like photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors. |
| Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
| Agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
| Agricultural revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. |
| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Air pollution | Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air. |
| Animate power | Power suplied by people or animals |
| Animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. |
| Annexation | Legally adding land area to a city in the United States |
| Apartheid | Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. |
| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| Autonomous religion | A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally. |
| Balance of power | Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. |
| Balkanization | Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. |
| Balkanized | A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-sanding antagonisms toward each other. |
| Base line | An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States. |
| Basic Industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement. |
| Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) | Amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste: a measure of water pollution. |
| Biodiversity | The number of species within a specific habitat. |
| Biomass Fuel | Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste. |
| Blockbusting | A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. |
| Boundary | Invisible Line that marks the extent of a state's territory. |
| Brain Drain | Large-scale emigration by talented people. |
| Branch (of a religion) | A large and fundamental division within a religion. |
| Break-of-bulk point | A location where tranfer is possible form one mode of transportation ot another. |
| Breeder reactor | A nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium. |
| British Received Pronunciation (BRP) | The dialect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in the lOndon area and now considered standard in the United Kingdom. |
| Bulk-gaining Industry | An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs. |
| Bulk-reducing industry | An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs. |
| Business Services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses. |
| Cartography | The science of making maps. |
| Caste | The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law. |
| Census Tract | An area delineated by the U.S Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods. |
| Census | A complete enumeration of a population. |
| Central Business District (CBD) | The area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered. |
| Central place theory | Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are wiling to travel farther. |
| central Place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area. |
| Centripetal Force | An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. |
| Cereal grain | A grass yielding grain for food. |
| Chaff | Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing. |
| Chain Migration | Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the nationality previously migrated there. |
| Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) | A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers. |
| Circulation | Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis. |
| City-State | A sovereign state comprising a city and it immediate hinterland. |
| Clustered Rural Settlement | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement. |
| Colonialism | Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. |
| Colony | A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent. |
| Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field. |
| Commercial Agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate product for sale off the farm. |
| Compact State | A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. |
| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area. |
| Concentric Zone Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings. |
| Connection | Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. |
| Conservation | The sustainable use and management of a natural resource, through consuming at a less rapid rate than it can be replaced. |
| Consumer Services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and personal services. |
| Contagious Diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. |
| Cosmogony | A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe. |
| Cottage industry |
Created by:
booreader
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