Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nat. Review chpt. 8
Nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neurons | Nerve cells responsible for conducting action potential |
| Neuron cell body | Main mass of the nerve cell |
| Dendrites | Sensory receptors extending from the cell body |
| Axon | Long extension off the cell body |
| Axon terminal | Far end of the axon containing synaptic vesicles |
| Synaptic vesicles | Tiny vesicles or sacs that contain neurotransmitters |
| Neuroglia | Supportin cells for neurons |
| Neurilemmocytes | Form the myelin sheath around nerves of the peripheral nervous system |
| Schwann cells | Neurilemmocytes |
| Nodes of Ranvier | Tiny gaps in the myelin sheath at which action potential is relayed along the neuron |
| Nerve | Collection of nerve cells outside of the central nervous system |
| Neurotransmitters | Hormone or chemical messengers contained and released by the synaptic vesicles |
| Synapse | Space between a dendrite and a connecting axon terminal |
| Epinephrine | Sympathetic hormone released into the blood to prepare the body for "fight or flight", opens bronchial airways |
| Adrenaline | Epinephrine |
| Acetylocholine | Parasympathetic hormone released at neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction |
| Central nervous system | Main control center (brain and spinal cord) |
| Peripheral nervous system | All of the nervous system except CNS |
| Somatic nervous system | Nerves that control skeletal muscle contractions |
| Autonomic nervous system | Nerves that control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, internal organs, and glands |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Prepares the body for stress, the "fight or flight system" |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Prepares the body for rest, the "rest and digest system" |
| Meninges | Three layers of tissue that surround the CNS |
| Dura mater | Thickest, most external layer of meninges |
| Arachnoid membrane | Delecate web-like middle layer of meninges |
| Pia matter | Thin, vascular, innermost layer of meninges |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Clear liquid formed in the vetricles of the brain tha tsupport the brain, cushion the CNS and carries nutrients |
| Cerebrum | Superior portion of the brain about 80% of brain mass |
| Gyri | Convoluted ridges in the cerebrum |
| Sulci | Shallow grooves in the cerebrum |
| Central sulcus | Seperates frontal and parietal lobes |
| Lateral sulcus | Seperates parietal and temporal lobes |
| Brainstem | Interconnects many nervous pathways and helps regulate many visceral functions |
| Diencephalon | Thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Midbrain | Below diencephalon, responsible for visual and auditory reflexes |
| Pons | Rounded structure under midbrane, controls respiration |
| Medula oblongata | Enlarged portion of the brainstem directly above the spinal cord, contains cardiac control center, vasometer center, and respiratory center |
| Ventricles | Four pockets or spaces in the brain |
| Right hemisphere | Contains sensory and motor pathways for the left side of the body |
| Left hemisphere | Contains sensory and motor pathways for the right side of the body |
| Frontal lobe | Responsible for personality, judgment, planning, and speech; contains the motor cortex |
| Parietal lobe | Responsible for determining distance, size, and shape; contains the sensory cortex |
| Motor cortex | Initiates movement of skeletal muscles |
| Sensory cortex | Detects general sensory impulses from the skin |
| Temporal lobe | Contains auditory and olfactory areas, stores memories of auditory and visual experiences |
| Occipital lobe | Contains visual area for interpreting impulses from the eye |
| Insular lobe | Integrates cerebral activities, may also assist in memory |
| Cerebellum | Second largest found posterior and inferior to cerebrum, coordination of voluntary muscles, maintanence of balance, maintanence of muscle tone |
| Thalamus | Sorts out incoming sensory impulses (except smell) and directs them to the proper areas of the cerebral cortex, also filters stimuli |
| Hypothalamus | Controls pituitary, regulates water and eletrolyte balance, hunger, temperature, sleep, sexual response, and emotions |
| Dorsal horns | Gray matter in the spinal cord that extends posteriorly |
| Ventral horns | Grey matter in the spinal cord that extends anteriorly |
| Reflex arc | Route followed by nerve impulses to provide protective response to potentially harmful stimulus |
| Receptor organ | Organ that contains dendrites and receives stimulus |
| Afferent neuron | Relays action potential to the spinal cord |
| Sensory neuron | Afferent neuron |
| Interneuron | Short neuron in the CNS |
| Effector neuron | Conducts action potential to the effector organ to elicit a response |
| Motor neuron | Effector neuron |
| Effector organ | Organ that produces or carries out a response |
| How many cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| How many pairs of cervical nerves are there? | 8 |
| How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there? | 12 |
| How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there? | 5 |
| How many pairs of sacral nerves are there? | 5 |
| How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there? | 1 |
| Dorsal root | Nerve root that protrudes posteriorly from the spinal cord |
| Dorsal root ganglion | Collection of sensory nerve cell bodies outside of the dorsal root |
| Ventral root | Nerve root that protrudes anteriorly from the spinal cord |
| Dermatome | Sensory area of the skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve root |
| Nerve plexus | Network of interconnecting nerves |
| Cervical plexus | Nerve roots C1-C4 and part of C5; Provides sensory innervation for skin around the head, neck, and shoulders along with motor innervation for some of the muscles |
| Brachial plexus | C5-T1 and sometimes portions of C4 and/or T2; Provides sensory and motor innervation for the upper extremity and some neck muscles, gives rise to the axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, and ulnar nerve |
| Lumbosacral plexus | Nerve roots L1-S4; Provides sensory and motor innervation for the lower extremities and gives rise to the obturator nerve, femoral nerve, and sciatic nerve |
| Special sensory | Smell, taste, vision |
| General sensory | Pain, touch, temperature |
| Somatic motor | Voluntary movement |
| Visceral motor | Involuntary movement |
| Transmissions on nerve cells are ____ way | One |
| Microglia | Clean up dead cells |
| Neuroglia | Astrocytes, star shaped cells found in the brain that connect capilaries and neurons |
| Oligodendrocytes | Produce myelin which coats nerves |
| Afferent nerves | Sensing, bringing info. in |
| Efferent nerves | Outgoing, motor response |
| Dopamine | Inhibitory, stops muscles from constantly contracting |
| Norepinephrine | Adrenaline |
| Seratonin | Calming |
| Endorphins | Natural pain killers that act like morphine |
| Meningitis | Inflamation of meninges |
| Do neurons miotically divide to form new or additional neurons or do they regenerate to allow a severed segment to grow back? | Regenerate to allow a severed segment to grow back. They once dead a neuron cannot be replaced. |
| Myelin | Layer made up of protein and lipids that forms a sheath around nerves and speeds the transmission of impulses along nerve cells |
| Cauda equina | Lower end of the spinal cord about L1 down |
| Lumbar puncture | When a special needle is placed into the lower back, into the cauda equina. The pressure in the spinal canal and brain can then be measured. A small amount of cerebral spinal fluid can be removed and sent for testing to determine if there is an infection |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | When the median nerve becomes compressed |
Created by:
skpoem
Popular Massage Therapy sets