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Nat. Review chpt. 7g
Muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of muscle tissue? | Body movement, heat production; Posture and support |
| Actin | Small, round proteins that form the backbone of the thin myofilaments |
| Myosin | Long proteins with globular heads; responsible for binding with the actin molecules and pulling the thin myofilaments closer together |
| Motor unit | One motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it innervates |
| Recruitment | Number of motor units activated to perform a given task |
| All-or-none law | Muscle fiber is stimulated by action potential from a nerve the entire fiber contracts |
| Muscle twitch | Single muscle contraction followed by relaxation of the muscle |
| Tetanus | Sustained muscle contraction |
| Muscle spasm | Tetanus |
| Isometric contraction | Muscle contracts but does not change length |
| Isotonic contraction | Muscle contracts and changes length |
| Concentric contraction | Muscle contracts and shortens |
| Eccentric contraction | Muscle contracts and lengthens |
| Agonist | Muscle responsible for movement |
| Prime mover | Agonist |
| Synergist | Assists in performing movement |
| Antagonist | Works against agonist |
| Tendon | Dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| Aponeurosis | Broad, flat, thin tendon |
| Origin | More stationary attachment site |
| Insertion | More moveable attatchment site |
| Muscle must cross a | Joint |
| Ligamnets connect | Bone to bone |
| Tendons connect | muscle to bone |
| Bursae | Fluid filled sack |
| The way actin and myosin are situated gives a ____ appearance | Striated |
| Sacromere | Functional unit of muscle |
| Contractile unit | Sacromere |
| Atrophy | Muscle gets smaller |
| Hypertrophy | Muscle gets very big |
| Strength training | Putting demand on muscles |
| Endurance training | For the long haul |
| Aerobic training | Endurance training |
| Anaerobic | Without oxygen |
| Aerobic | With oxygen |
| Sliding filament theory | SLC |
| SLC step 1 | Sodium sparks action potential (AP) |
| SLC step 2 | AP comes down the motor neuron causing acetylcholine (ACh) to be released into the neuromuscular junction |
| SLC step 3 | ACh reacts with the muscle fiber to create AP on the muscle fiber membrane |
| SLC step 4 | AP sweeps down the muscle fiber membrane and into the transverse tubules (T-tubules) |
| SLC step 5 | AP in the T-tubules causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca2+ into the muscle filament (actin) |
| SLC step 6 | Ca2+ binds to troponin causing the troponin molecule to change shape and pull the tropomyosin off of the myosin binding sites on the actin proteins |
| SLC step 7 | Myosin heads bind to actin proteins |
| SLC step 8 | Myosin head pulls thin filaments within the sarcomere closer together performing a "power stroke" |
| SLC step 9 | ATP molecule binds to myosin head to release it from the actin protein |
| SLC step 10 | Energy within the ATP molecule is used to "recock" the myosin head |
| SLC step 11 | Steps 7-10 are repeated as long as there is AP from the motor neuron |
| Fast twitch fibers | White muscles, anaerobic, low blood supply, low endurance, non-postural |
| Slow twitch fibers | Red muscles, aerobic, high blood supply, high endurance, postural |
Created by:
skpoem
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