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Kasey2004 Flashcards
Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acr/o | extremities |
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o | adrenal glands |
| adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
| andr/o | male; man |
| blast/o | germ cell; cell which forms |
| calc/i | calcium |
| cortic/o | cortex |
| crin/o | secrete |
| dips/o | thirst |
| gonad/o | sex glands |
| gluc/o | glucose, sugar, sweet |
| glyc/o | glucose, sugar, sweet |
| kal/i | potassium |
| ket/o | ketones |
| lact/o | milk |
| natr/o | sodium |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| somat/o | body |
| toxic/o | poison |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland |
| thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
| eu | same, normal |
| ex | out, outward |
| hyper | above normal, excessive |
| hypo | below normal, deficient |
| oxy | sharp, quick |
| para | beside, near |
| poly | many, excessive |
| crine | secrete |
| emia | condition of the blood |
| aemia | condition of the blood |
| genesis | formation of |
| megaly | enlargement |
| plasia | condition of growth |
| ptosis | falling/displacement/prolapse |
| toxic | pertaining to poisoning |
| tropin | stimulating effect of a hormone |
| pituitary gland | the master gland located at the base of the brain |
| growth hormone (GH) | regulates growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues |
| somatopropin (STH) | regulates growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates the adrenal cortex |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates and maintains the thyroid gland |
| lactogenic hormone (LTH) | stimulates breast development in pregnancy and milk production after birth of the baby |
| prolactin | stimulates breast development in pregnancy and milk production after birth of the baby |
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulates estrogen secretion and the production of ovum (egg) in females and production of sperm in males |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | stimulates ovulation and testosterone production |
| melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) | controls intensity of pigmentation of skin cells |
| oxytocin (OXT) | stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and release of breast milk |
| antidiuretic stimulating hormone (ASH) | controls urine secretion |
| vasopressin | controls urine secretion |
| pineal gland | located in midbrain, cone shaped |
| melatonin | hormone secreted by the pineal gland |
| thyroid gland | located in front of the neck; there is a right and left lobe - one on either side of the trachea; they are connected by a narrow strip of a tissue called the isthmus |
| triiodothyronine | one of the thyroid hormones, an organic iodine-containing compound liberated from thyroglobulin by hydrolysis; it has several times the biological activity of thyroxine; Symbol T3 |
| thyroxine | an iodine-containing hormone that is produced by the thyroid gland, increases the rate of cell metabolism, regulates growth, and is made synthetically for treatment of thyroid disorders; Symbol T4 |
| calcitonin | hormone that regulates the amount of calcium in the blood |
| parathyroid gland | any of usually four small kidney-shaped glands that lie in pairs near or within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and secrete a hormone necessary for the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus |
| thymus | lymph and endocrine gland |
| thymosin | a hormone secreted by the thymus that stimulates development of T cells |
| thymopoietin | these hormones stimulate the production of T cells, specialized lymphocytes, which are involved in the immune response |
| adrenal glands | two small glands located on top of each kidney |
| adrenal cortex | the outer portion of the adrenal gland |
| adrenal medulla | the inner portion of the adrenal gland |
| corticosteriods | steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| catecholamines | non-steroid hormones secreted by adrenal medulla |
| mineralocorticoids | regulate fluid and electrolyte balance; aldosterone is primary mineralocorticoid |
| glucocorticoids | influence metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; maintains normal blood pressure; anti-inflammatory effects in times of stress, primary glucocorticoid is cortisol or hydrocortisone |
| gonadocorticoids | contribute to secondary sex characteristics in males and females; androgen is one of the gonadocorticoids |
| epinephrine | increases heart rate, dilates bronchioles, increase blood sugar levels; role in body's response to stress by increasing oxygen and glucose availability in blood |
| adrenaline | increases heart rate, dilates bronchioles, increase blood sugar levels; role in body's response to stress by increasing oxygen and glucose availability in blood |
| norepinephrine | causes blood vessels to constrict thus increasing blood pressure; also plays a role in stress response; increases blood pressure |
| noradrenaline | causes blood vessels to constrict thus increasing blood pressure; also plays a role in stress response; increases blood pressure |
| ovaries | female sex organs |
| estrogen | responsible for promoting the maturation of the ovum (egg)and for preparing the lining of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized eggs; promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics of females |
| progesterone | hormone secreted by the ovaries |
| testes | male sex organs |
| scrotum | scrotal sac located posterior to the penis |
| testosterone | hormone produced by the testes |
| cortex | pertaining to outer region or an organ or structure |
| cortical | pertaining to the cortex |
| corticoid | pertaining to the hormones of the adrenal cortex |
| endocrinologist | physician who specializes in the disease and disorders of the endocrine system |
| endocrinology | study of the endocrine system and the treatment of diseases and disorders of the endocrine system |
| euthyroid | normal thyroid function |
| hormone | chemical substance which affects the function of a specific organ |
| metabolism | all the chemical changes that take place in the body |
| acromegaly | metabolic condition with enlargement of the bones and cartilages of the extremities and face |
| Addison's Disease | deficiency in secretion of adrenal cortex hormones |
| cretinism | congenital (birth) condition due to lace of thyroid hormone secretion, causes dwarfism, slow mental development, puffy facial features, and dry skin |
| Cushing's Syndrome | hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex glucocorticoids |
| diabetes mellitus | disorder of the pancreas where there is insufficient insulin secretion; the body cannot appropriately metabolize carbohydrates |
| exophthalmia | marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs; call exophthalmus |
| gigantism | condition characterized by excessive size and height related to excessive secretion of growth hormone during childhood |
| goiter | thyroid gland enlargement due to excessive growth of thyroid cells and tissues |
| Grave's Disease | hyperthyroidism; excessive secretion of thyroid hormone and exophthalmia |
| hirsutism | condition of excessive body hair on a female in a male distribution pattern |
| hypopysectomy | surgical removal of pituitary gland |
| ketoacidosis | accumulation of ketone bodies causing acidosis (increase acidity of blood) |
| myxedema | hypothyroidism in adult, most severe form causes puffiness of hands and face, course thick skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, loss of hair, sensitivity to cold, drowsiness, and mental apathy |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| thyrotoxicosis | hyperactivity of thyroid gland causes toxic condition |
| virilism | growth of male physical traits in a female; can be caused by an adrenal gland disorder |
| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | blood test which measures glucose in the blood after a person has been fasting all night; test for diabetes mellitus |
| glucose tolerance test (GTT) | blood test measures blood glucose levels over a period of time, 2-3 hours, after consuming concentrated oral glucose |
| radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU) | thyroid function test; measures thyroid activity after a person receives a known amount of radioactive iodine and amount taken up by thyroid is determined |
| thyroid echogram | ultrasound exam of thyroid distinguishes between solid between solid thyroid nodules and cystic nodules |
| thyroid ultrasound | ultrasound exam of thyroid distinguishes between solid between solid thyroid nodules and cystic nodules |
| thyroid function tests | blood tests measure levels of T3, T4, and TSH |
| thyroid scan | nuclear medicine exam of thyroid gland; determines size, shape, and function of thyroid gland |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone test | blood test which measures level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood |
| diabetes insipidus | deficiency of antidiuretic hormone |
Created by:
Kasey2004
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