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AP World Specifics
Mr. Rosenburgs blue packet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Demographics | Population settlements; who lives where, why; birth-rates – increase or decrease; urban or rural |
| Foraging | Hunters and gatherers. |
| Civilizations | Societies that have advanced culture including a political system, job specialization, written language, and complex religions |
| Independent Invention | The idea that two or more different cultures could have invented the same thing without being influenced by another. Example: the wheel was invented in different places at different times |
| Metallurgy | Melting of metals for human use; examples: copper for decorations, iron for tools and weapons, etc. Civilizations that mastered metallurgy advanced quicker than others. |
| Pollytheism | The belief in more than one god. Dominate belief system prior to Judaism. |
| Harrapan Civilization | Another name for the Indus River Valley civilization; known for advanced cities of Mohenjo-Daro |
| Shang Dynasty | Developed along the Yellow River (Huang He); known for oracle bones |
| Social Structure | All civilizations have some type of social structure. Most early societies had a social structure that included rulers and priests at the top of the social structure and peasants and slaves at the bottom. |
| Loss of Empire | There are major upheavals when an empire collapses. The Han, Roman, and Gupta Empires all collapsed during the Foundations era. The collapse of the Roman Empire was more significant because of centralization that had been placed on all aspects of life. |
| Caste System | Aryan/Hindu system of social divisions based upon birth. People could not move caste except through reincarnation. Associated with racism. Comparable to Confucian concept of order. Most social systems are pretty class-restrictive. |
| Classical Civilizations | Refers to civilizations that were considered far more advanced than others. These included: Han, Gupta, Greek, and Roman. They all had major advanced in technology, art, trade, and political systems. |
| Neolithic Revolution /Agricultural Revolution | Movement from foragers to permanent settlers. Led to villages and communities. Also led to gender restrictions. |
| Patriarchal Systems | Male dominated societies. |
| Bureaucracy | An elaborate government system that has numerous people involved in processing and administering the government. Most known in China and is associated with the Scholar-Gentry class created through the Civil Service Exams. |
| Aristotle | |
| Indian Ocean Trade | |
| Bantus | Nomadic peoples from Africa who traveled around Africa spreading language and farming methods |
| Caliphate | Arab/Islamic religious and political leader. The first caliph after Muhammad was Abu Bakr. |
| Polynesians | |
| Dar al-Islam | |
| Missionary | |
| Economic Revolutions | |
| Urbanization | |
| Feudalism | |
| Byzantine Empire | |
| World Trade Network | |
| Columbian Exchange | |
| Mamluks | |
| Manorialism | |
| Crusades | |
| Papacy | |
| Empires | |
| Slave Systems | |
| Scientific Revolution | |
| Enlightenment | |
| Neo-Confucianism | |
| Artistic Movements1450 – 1750 | |
| Imperialism | |
| Coercive Labor Systems | |
| Empire Building | |
| European exploration | |
| Absolutism | |
| Reformation | |
| Constantinople | |
| Siege of Vienna | |
| Harem | |
| Industrial Revolution | |
| Emancipation | 1833 Britain abolishes slavery |
| 1863 Emancipation Proclamation in the United States | |
| 1888 Brazil becomes the last country to outlaw slavery | |
| Nationalism | |
| Pride and unity in one’s background and common heritage. Includes common religions, ethnic groups, languages, and histories. Used as a political force in history as people sought to break free from rule of “others.” Seen in 19th century Europe with the | |
| Nation-State | |
| Having a political boundary that is made up of one “nation” of people. Example would be Serbia for Serbs. | |
| Racism | |
| Believing that one race is superior to another. Used historically to justify imperialism and human rights abuses. | |
| Western Dominance | |
| The disproportionate share of the world’s wealth and resources as found in “Western” countries. This wealth and power is seen as abusing the developing countries of the world. | |
| Modernization Theory | |
| The belief that technology will be able to bring developing nations to higher economic standards and production. | |
| Role of Women | |
| During the 19th Century the role of women began to change as more women participated in the industrial revolution. Some female rulers of note included Queen Victoria of England and Empress Dowager of China. In the 20th Century the role of women became e | |
| Foreign Domination | |
| One country being controlled by another. Can be through economic control rather than actual occupation. | |
| Western Intervention | |
| The tendency of “Western” countries (United States and Europe) to intervene in developing countries. | |
| Meiji Restoration | |
| Overthrow of the Japanese feudal system. Let to increase trade and opening up of ports to Westerners. Modernized Japan through Industrial Revolution. | |
| Jacobins | |
| Radical political group that was responsible for the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. | |
| Boxer Rebellion | |
| When a group of Chinese began attacking foreigners in China. After an attack in Peking (not Beijing) U.S. ships arrived to “help.” This just increased the xenophobic feelings in China. | |
| Suez Canal | |
| Connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea. Built with funds from Britain and France but controlled (now) by Egypt. | |
| Muhammad Ali | |
| Leader of Egypt who helped fight Wahabbis and gained recognition for Egypt in the 1800s. Set out many domestic reforms that helped Egypt gain independence from Great Britain. | |
| Marxism | |
| The economic theories proposed by Karl Marx that called for collective ownership of the means of production. Most associated with Communism. | |
| Social Darwinism | |
| The concept that the strongest and most able in society will survive (the survival of the fittest). Used to justify imperialism – non-western people were struggling because they were not strong enough to prosper – up to Westerners to help them – The Whit | |
| Impressionism | |
| European artistic movement that sought to create a first “impression” rather than exact details; took many artistic clues from Japanese prints | |
| Balance of Power | |
| The concept that world power should be “balanced” so that no one country or group of countries control too much. | |
| League of Nations | |
| Created at the end of the World War I as the brainchild of President Woodrow Wilson. The intent was to prevent further war through international dialogue. Failed to act effectively to deal with Hitler and Mussolini and was replaced by the United Nations | |
| United Nations | |
| Body that provides dialogue for international concerns and an option of collective security to areas in need (UN troops). | |
| Non-Aligned Nations | |
| Developing nations that meet together to try to deal with issues and concerns. | |
| Decolonization | |
| The process in Latin America, Africa, and parts of Asia of Western powers leaving. Some was accomplished through rebellions and wars. | |
| Genocide | |
| Intentional efforts to annihilate a group of people. In the 20th century the most well known was the Holocaust, but others occurred. These included: 1.5 million Armenians killed by Turks,; about 7 million Ukrainians and other non-Russians, under Stalin | |
| Breakup of Soviet Union | |
| 1991 breakup of the Soviet union into 15 separate countries. Marked the official end of the Cold War as the United States obviously didn’t have anyone to fight. | |
| Great Depression | |
| Massive economic collapse of economies all over the world. The United States and Europe were hit most directly, but other regions lost crucial export income. | |
| Pacific Rim | |
| Refers to China, Australia, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Combodia, Japan, Laos, and the Philippines. Has become a major economic bloc in world production and trade. | |
| Multinational Corporations | |
| Corporations that are international in nature. They include Coca Cola, Nike, Exxon, Toyota, and Sony. They normally as associated with taking advantage of cheap labor in developing countries and not helping the countries economically. | |
| Feminism | |
| Women’s rights in regards to political, economic, and social participation and power. | |
| Globalization | |
| The concept of the world being made “smaller.” Includes concepts of technology and communications/transportation. Also associated with multi-national corporations and the dominant western culture. | |
| Resistance and Religious Responses | |
| In the 20th century the Tibetans have resisted Communist China rule. Buddhism has supported this. Also, in Poland, Pope John Paul II’s religious condemnation of communism helped to lead to free elections and the fall of the Soviet Union. | |
| Deforestation | |
| Massive cutting down of rain forests in Latin America and Asia. Leads to economic development for the country, but leads to environmental problems for the rest of the world. | |
| Green Movement | |
| Environmental movement | |
| The West/The East | |
| During the Cold War, the was seen as either “communistic and dictatorial” or “capitalistic and democratic.” Eastern countries were aligned with the Soviet Union and included the Eastern Bloc (Poland, Romania, and East Germany), Cuba, and China. The west | |
| Consumer Society | |
| Society that is dominated by buying and spending. | |
| High Tech Warfare/Guerrilla Warfare | |
| High tech warfare includes missiles, submarines, and fighter jets. Most developing nations lack such weapons and rely upon guerrilla tactics like ambush, civilian soldiers, and homemade bombs. | |
| Third World Economic Development | |
| Economic development in developing countries is very challenging. Most are still agricultural and rely on cash crops. Some have begun to industrialize but are normally being controlled by multi-national companies. Most are highly indebt to industrializ | |
| Fascism | |
| Extreme nationalism in a state where the glorification of the state is the defining characteristic. This included: Hitler’s Nazi Germany, Mussolini’s Italy, Franco in Spain, and Japan prior to WWII. | |
| Internationalization of Culture | |
| Local cultures and traditions being replaced by an “international” culture. For example, in Japan, traditional Japanese music, art, clothing, and entertainment has been almost replaced by Western culture. | |
| Artistic Modernism | |
| 20th Century art that focuses on non-representative art. Think Picasso and Jackson Pollock; Cubism was inspired by African masks |
Created by:
kuhnrya95
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