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AP World Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Napoleon Bonaparte | A general in the French army who brought political and social reforms needed to stabilize a country that had been in the midst of revolution since 1789 |
| Congress of Vienna | A meeting held from 1814 to 1815 in Vienna to try to restore Europe to the way it was prior to the French Revolution |
| Simon Bolivar | A Creole from South America who led a successful revolutionary movement against Spanish rule |
| Toussaint-Louverture | An educated slave who helped lead a revolt in Haiti against white settlers |
| Nationalism | Feeling of pride in one's nation |
| Socialism | Equality in all people (Classless society) |
| Karl Marx | A philosopher who developed a socialist theory in response to the changing workplace due to the Industrial Revolution. His ideas influenced many reform movements throughout Europe and would form the backbone of numerous political parties |
| Otto von Bismark | Chancellor of the German state of Prussia, he worked to unite the German-speaking states into a single nation and successfully waged war against Denmark, Austria, and France |
| Zionism | A nationalist movement that emerged in the late 1800s with the states goal of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine; led in part by Theodore Herzl |
| Crimean War (1853-1856) | A conflict fought between Russia and an alliance of the British, Fench, and Ottoman troops that broke out after Russia had threatened the stability of the Ottoman Empire by seeking to take the Ottoman-controlled territory in the Balkans |
| Social Darwinism | A theory that man evolved from apes over a period of millions of years and all species compete in order to survive |
| Sepoy Rebellion | A revolt led by Indian soldiers against the British East India Company (BEIC) in protest of rules that threatened their religious traditions |
| Indian National Congress (IINC) | A nationalist group formed in British India in 1885 by upper-class Hindus as a forum to express concerns to colonial officials on taxes and other such subjects |
| King Lepold | Ruler of Belgium who established a colony known as the Congo Free State in Africa |
| Berlin Conference (1884-1885) | A meeting of European powers in which the rules for colonizing Africa were established |
| Opium War (1839-1842) | A conflict fought between Britain and China over the British sale of Opium in China that resulted in the signing of a series of unequal treaties |
| The Treaty of Nanjing | Required China to pay for the cost of the Opium War as well as the cost of the destroyed opium |
| Taiping Rebellion (1850s and 1860s) | A revolt led by Chinese peasants that threatened the Qing dynasty that led to the Self-Strengthening Movement |
| Self Strengthening Movement | Reform focused on the introduction of Western technology in the hopes of modernizing the nation |
| Boxer Rebellion (1899-1900) | An internal rebellion that unsuccessfully sought to rid China of foreign influence. It included attacking and killing foreigners and Chinese Christians |
| Monroe Doctrine | Articulated in 1823 as part of U.S. foreign policy, it sought to limit European interference in the Americas |
| Spanish-American War (1898-1899) | A conflift fought between Spain and the United States in response to the destruction of a A>S> ship in Havana's harbor and under the guise of protecting American business interests in Cuba |
| Sino-Japanese War | A conflict fought between China and Japan for control of Korea |
| U.S. Open Door Policy | United States foreign policy that sought equal trading rights for all nations trading in China and commercial advantages for U.S. businesses |
| Meiji Restoration | A centralized government, set up a two-house system, although the emperor maintained most control |
| Muhammad Ali | Successful ruler of Egypt who established an autonomous state and modernized the nation by focusing on military and industrialization |
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