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WHAP Unit 4 Pd. 4
WHAP Unit 4 1750-1914 Studystack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seven Years War (1756-1763) | It was a global conflict that took place in Europe, India, the Caribbean, and North America (involving Asians, Europeans, and Americans). It had deep global implications, and laid the foundation for 150 years of British imperial hegemony in the world. |
| Child Labor | Industrial work took children away from their homes to work in mines and factories from dawn until dusk, with few breaks and abuse from their overseers. However by the 1840s British Parliament began to pass laws regulating child labor. |
| American Revolution (1775-1783) | A "war of independence" from Great Britain, that broke out in 1775. At first American colonists struggled against Britain, but with French assistance in 1777, the British effort began failing in 1781. The Americans were victorious and won independence. |
| French Revolution (1789-1799) | It was immediately caused by the government's impending bankruptcy, and citizens rebelling against their King. It resulted in the end of an absolute monarchy in France. However it also sparked other revolutions in the Atlantic. |
| Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) | The only large-scale slave revolt to succeed in the New World. Driven by hatred toward those who had mistreated them, the slaves revolted against France, until they declared their independence in late 1803. |
| Latin American Wars of Independence | Mexico, Central America, and South America gained their independence from Spain and Portugal between 1810-1825. However independence brought little social change in Latin America. |
| Opium War (1839-1842) | In the early 1800s Britain began illegally trading opium with the Chinese. This angered the Qing who took aggressive action against the trade in 1839, which sparked a war with Britain. The Qing lost and was forced to agree to the Treaty of Nanking. |
| Meiji Reformation of 1868 | It began Japan's modern age; in order to avoid Western domination, Japan would have to adopt Western learning, economics, and military methods. Meiji's government radically altered Japanese politics, economics, and social organization. |
| Berlin Conference (1884-1885) | Delegates of fourteen European states and the U.S. devised the ground rules for the colonization of Africa . It provided European diplomats with the justifications they needed to draw lines on maps and carve Africa into colonies. |
| Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) | Led by Hong Xiuquan and followers who resented Qing rule, at their peak the Taipings controlled 1/3 of China. However foreign assistance to the Qing, and quarrels between Taiping leaders caused Taiping forces to retreat. Hong committed suicide in 1864. |
| Boxer Rebellion | In 1899 Boxers, backed by Empress Cixi,organized to rid China of foreigners and foreign influences. In 1900 they besieged foreign embassies in Beijing. However they were quickly crushed, and the Chinese government were forced to pay repercussions. |
| Industrial Revolution | It began in England in the 1780s with the application of the steam engine on mining and textiles. It provide people with machines and inventions;affected social classes and formed new ones;changed how people lived (urbanization) and worked (in factories). |
| "New Imperialism" | European (and U.S.) imperialism of the mid-to-late 1800s gave the nations of the West unprecedented global dominance. In 1815, the nations of the West controlled 35 percent of the world's habitable territory. In 1914, they controlled 85 percent. |
| Capitalism | It encouraged free trade and political liberalism, leading to the creation of great wealth in the Western world. Industrialization encouraged the rise of it (ex: mass production). |
| Urbanization | By the mid-1800s the level of it had reached 25 percent in France and German states, and it continued to grow in places like the U.S. It is generally associated with social advancement; cities grew in size and quantity. |
| Nationalism | A relatively new cultural phenomenon that placed an emphasis on patriotic sentiment, which in most countries transformed into aggressive tendencies. For example national sentiments helped unite Italy and Germany. |
| Female Labor | During the late 1700s-early 1800s the Industrial Revolution altered where women worked, it shifted from farms to mines and factories (textile factories). Many women bore the double burden of working and being the primary caregiver of their families. |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | It had been made illegal by most Western nations following the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, but it continued in the 1800s. More than 2 million slaves were taken from Africa during the 1800s. It did not end until Brazil outlawed slavery in 1888. |
| Environmental Degradation | Technological innovations (deforestation in England to make wood, the principal source of charcoal), and urbanization (cities, increased urban populations, and the of burning fossil fuels created intensified water and air pollution) created this. |
| Spheres of Influence | In the late 1800s, foreign powers began to dismantle the Chinese system of tributary states. By 1898 foreign powers had craved China itself into spheres of economic influence; powerless to resist Qing China was forced to comply. |
| Technological Innovations | These innovations impacted the Industrial Revolution immensely. These innovations include: steamships (1807), railroads (1820s), telegraphs (1837), and factory systems (which increased the scale of production). |
| Social Darwinism | Social Darwinists applied Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to justify the domination of European imperialists. Social Darwinists implied that it was natural for technologically advanced people to conquer those who were less so. |
Created by:
anonies
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