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A&P CH 8 Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomic Range of Motion | the amount of motion available to a joint based on the structure of the joint and determined by the shape of the joint surfaces, joint capsule, ligaments, muscle bulk, and surrounding musculotendinous and bony structures |
| Arthrokinematics | movement of bone surface in the joint capsule including role, spin, & slide |
| Articulation | a joint in which tow or more bones meet to connect parts and allow for movement in the body |
| Ball and Socket Joint | joint that allows movement in three planes around a central point, gives the greatest freedom of movement but is also the most easily dislocated |
| Bursa | a flat sac of synovial membrane in which the inner sides of the sac are separated by a fluid film, located where moving structures are apt to rub |
| Closed Kinematic Chain | the position of joints in such a way that motion at one of the joints is accompanied by motion at an adjacent joint |
| Closed Packed Position | the postion of a synovial joint in which the surfaces fit precisely togetherl and maximal contact between the opposing surfaces occurs, permits no movement, joint possess greatest stability |
| Collagen | a fibrous tissue that provides stability to connective tissue structures of fasciae, tendons, and ligaments; makes up 1/4 of the protein in the body |
| Diarthrosis | a freely moveable synovial joint |
| Condyloid (Condylar) Joint | joint that allows movement in 2 planes, but one motion predominates |
| Elastin | a connective tissue fiber type that has elastic properties and allows flexibility of connective tissue structurs |
| Fibrocartilage | a connectivet issue that permits little motion in joints and structures |
| Gliding Joints | known also as synovial plane joints, gliding joints allow only a gliding motion in various planes |
| Hinge Joints | joint that allows flexion & extension in one plane |
| Hyaline Cartilage | the thin covering of articular connective tissue on the ends of the bones in freely moveable joints in the adult skeleton |
| Hypermobility | a range of motion of a joint greater than what would be permitted normally by the structure |
| Hypomobility | a range of motion of a joint less than what would be permitted normally by the structure |
| Joint Capsule | a connective tissue structure that connets the bony components of a freely moveable joint |
| Joint Play | the involuntary movement that occurs between articular surfaces that is separate from the axial range of motion of a joint produced by muscles |
| Least Packed Position | joint capsule is at its most lax; assumes this position when it is inflammed |
| Loose Packed Position | joint capusle is most lax and joint is least stalbe |
| Open Kinematic Chain | a position in which the ends of the limbs or parts of the body are free to move without causing motion at another joint |
| Pathologic Range of Motion | the amoun tof motion at a joint that fails to reach the normal phsiologic range or exceeds normal anatomic limits of motion of that joint |
| Physiologic Range of Motion | the amount of motion available to a joint determined by the nervous system form information provided by joint sensory receptors |
| Pivot Joint | a bony projection from one bone fits into a ring formed by another bone and ligament structure to allow rotations around its own axis in one plane |
| Saddle Joint | joint that is convex in one plane and concave in the other with the surfaces fitting together like a rider on a saddle |
| Suture | A synarthrotic joint in which two bony components are united by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue |
| Symphysis | a cartilaginous joint in which the 2 bony components are joined directly by fibrocartilage in the form of a disk or plate |
| Synarthrosis | a limited movement nonsynovial joint |
| Synchondrosis | a joint in which the material used for connecting the two components is hyaline cartilage |
| Syndesmosis | a fibrous joint in which two bony components are joined directly by a ligament, cord, or aponeurotic membrane |
| Synovial Fluid | a thick, colorless, lubricating fluid secreted by the joint cavity membrane |
| Synovial Joints | freely moving joints allowing motion in one or more planes of action |
| Viscoelasticity | the combonation of resistance offered by a fluid to a change of form and the ability of material to return to its original state after deformation |
| Yellow Elastic Cartilage | cartilage that is more opaque, flexible, and elastic than hyaline cartilage and is distinguished further by its yellow color |
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