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WHAP: Review Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Martin Luther | A German priest and professor of theology who initiated the Protestant Reformation |
| John Calvin | French theologian during the Protestant Reformation.A principle figure in the development of Christian theology later called Calvinism |
| Protestant Reformation | The European Christian movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity |
| Charles V | The Holy Roman Emperor and Charles I of Spain. He tried to keep Europe religiously united. |
| Galileo Galilei | Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.He made improvements in the telescope and showed support for Copernicanism |
| Isaac Newton | English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. Described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire and founder of Lima(Modern day capital of Peru) |
| The Glorious Revolution | A bloodless change in power in which parliament deposed King James II and invited his daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange to assume the throne. |
| The Thirty Years War | Initially, the war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire. However, there were many other causes including problems with internal politics and balance of power. |
| The Peace of Westphalia | A series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire and the Eight Years War between the Spanish and Dutch. |
| King Louis XIV (The Sun King) | Continued his predecessors' work of creating a centralized state governed from the capital, sought to remove all feudalism, and succeeded in pacifying aristocracy. |
| Peter I (Peter The Great) | Ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire. He carried out a policy of modernization and transformed Russia into a major European power. |
| Catherine II (Catherine The Great) | One of Peter I successors and Wife of Peter III, the Empress of Russia improved administration, continued modernization, all while making Russia the most powerful it had ever been |
| The Council of Trent | Considered to be one of the most important councils in the Catholic Reformation. The council was made up of bishops, cardinals, and other high church officials in which they discussed matters of doctrine and reform. |
| Society of Jesus | A religious order of men called Jesuits, who follow the teachings of the Catholic Church |
| St. Ignatius Loyola | A Spanish knight who founded the Society of Jesus and was its first Superior General. |
| Serfdom | A labor system that required that all semifree peasents to provide labor services for landowners and prevented them from marrying or moving away without their landlords permission |
| Capitalism | An economic system in which private parties make their goods and services available on a free market and seek to take advantage of market conditions to profit from their activities. |
| Urbanization | The physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory which holds that the prosperity of a state is dependent upon its supply of capital, that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable," and that one party may benefit only at the expense of another. |
| Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca | A Spanish nobleman who joined in on the expedition from Hispaniola to investigate Florida in 1527. He was one of four to survive the expedition |
| Captain James Cook | A British explorer, navigator and cartographer who made the first European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands as well as the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand |
| Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States of America |
| Adam Smith | A Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy, widely cited as the father of modern economics and capitalism |
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