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8000 BCE - 600 CE

Unit 1 Review 8000 BCE - 600 CE

QuestionAnswer
(Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution People began living in settled communities and had a surplus of crops which allowed for the specialization of labor.
Early River Valley Cizilizations 1. Tigris and Euphrates; Mesopotamia 2. Nile; Egypt 3. Indus; India 4. Yellow; China
Irrigation Systems Supported productive agriculture and urban society.
Hammurabi's Code Hammurabi compiled a Mesopotamian law code in 2500 BCE the established high standards of behavior and had stern punishment for violaters.
Bronze Metallurgy Discovered in 4000 BCE, made from copper alloyed with tin and used for military weapons (swords, spears, etc.) and farming tools (knives, plows).
Iron Metallurgy Discovered in 1300 BCE, replaced copper because it was cheaper and more widely available.
Patriarcahl Societies Men had authority over public and private affairs and had control over women's behavior.
Cuneiform A writing system developed by the Sumerians in 2900 BCE that uses symbols to represent sounds, syllables, and ideas.
Phoenician Alphabet The Phoenicians developed an early alphabetic script consisting of 22 symbols representing consonants in 1500 BCE.
Hieroglyphic Writing A system of pictographs used by the Egyptians from 2600 BCE to 600 CE.
Caste System Social disinctions that provided social stability developed by the Aryans in India.
Mandate of Heaven The theory the Zhou dynasty used to justify their deposition of the Shang which stated that heavenly powers granted the right to govern to a deserving individual, a.k.a. the son of heaven.
Mayan Civilization They constructed the most elaborate calendar of the ancient Americas, had a writing system, and believed that to maintain the agricultural cycle by appeasing the gods with sacrifices and rituals.
Confucanism It was developed by Kong Fuzi (Confucius) and emphasized the importance of education in the government, a strong sense of moral integrity, and the capacity to deliver wise and fair judgments.
Daoism It was developed by Laozi during the 6th century BCE and emphasized a passive and yielding nature and to live as simple a manner as possible.
Legalism It was developed during the late 4th century BCE and reasoned that the foundations of a state's strength were in its agriculture and military.
Chandragupta Maruya He laid the foundation for the Maruyan empire in India in 320 BCE.
Ashoka Maruya He reigned from 268-232 BCE and was Chandragupta's grandson. He encouraged Buddhism and ruled through a tightly organized bureaucracy.
Chandra Gupta He established the Gupta empire in 230 CE.
Buddhism It was founded by Siddhartha Gautama who game up his comfortable life to lead an ascetic lifestyle. He meditated and understood suffering and how to prevent it.
Hinduism It became a popular religion of salvation that drew inspiration from the Vedas and Upanishads.
Classical Greece The poleis, or city states, kept political order. Athens and Sparta were the most important poleis. Pericles' leadership led to the Golden Age of Pericles.
Roman Empire Its social system included patricians (land-owning noblemen), plebians (free men), and slaves. A representative republic was in place. The Pax Romana was a 200 year period of peace.
Early Christianity Jesus of Nazareth was a Jewish teacher who was recognized as a savior and the son of God after he was crucifixed. Paul of Tarsus and other followers spread the religion.
Silk Roads These were trade routes linking Eurasia and north Africa, so named because silk from China was one of the main commodities exchanged. In addition to goods, religion and disease were also exchanged.
Byzantine Empire It originated as the eastern half of the Roman Empire in the 5th century CE.
Justinian's Code Justinian ordered a systematic review of Roman law and led to a codification of Roman law.
Cultural Diffusion When societies are exposed to new religions, technology, etc. through interaction with another society (such as war, trade, etc.).
Created by: harvest387
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