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A/P Review 1 Part 2
Multiple Choice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _________ is the science of morphology or structure of an organism or body. | ANATOMY |
| _________ concerns the normal functions performed by the various systems of the body. | PHYSIOLOGY |
| _________ is the scientific study of muscular activity and mechanics of body movement. | KINESIOLOGY |
| _________ is a form of microscopic anatomy and is a branch of microbiology. | HISTOLOGY |
| _________ is the study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease. | PATHOLOGY |
| _________ is an abnormal and unhealthy state of all or part of the body, wherein it is not capable of normal functions. | DISEASE |
| _________ of a disease are observable indications such as abnormal pulse rate, fever, and abnormal skin color. | SIGNS |
| A client is complaining of dizziness and chills in her initial interview with her massage therapist. These would be recorded as ________ in her chart. | SYMPTOMS |
| ________ is any psychological or physical situation or condition that causes tension or stain. | STRESS |
| During a "fight or flight" response, which one of the following statements is incorrect. | DIGESTION INCREASES |
| Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are all types of _______. | MICROORGANISMS |
| If invading organisms are confined to one small area of the body, the condition is considered to be a ________. | LOCAL INFECTION |
| Which on of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of inflammation? | CYANOSIS |
| In an inflammatory response, increased numbers of leukocytes flood the area to engulf and digest invading organisms. This process is accomplished by a process called _________. | PHAGOCYTOSIS |
| ______ is a warning sign that usually accompanies infectious diseases or infected burns or cuts. | FEVER |
| Massage of inflamed tissue or during periods of fever is _______. | CONTRAINDICATED |
| Fever above _____*F may cause damage to the tissues of the kidneys, liver, or other organs, or it may cause irreparable brain damage, possibly resulting in death. | 106.0 |
| Cells of the _______, if injured by trauma of infection, never repair themselves. | CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| On a wellness scale, "0" indicates _______. | NO PERCEIVABLE SICKNESS |
| A wellness-oriented individual would strive to maintain her health rating above a ___ on a wellness scale. | +3 |
| A _____ is one or more syllables added in front of a medical term to further its meaning. | PREFIX |
| The prefix meaning against or counter to is ______. | CONTRA- |
| The suffix meaning pertaining to an area is ______. | -AL; -AR |
| The prefix meaning above or extreme is ______. | HYPER- |
| The word part for muscle is _____. | MY(O) |
| All substances are made of subatomic particles that form atoms that are arranges in specific patterns and structures called ______. | MOLECULES |
| Within the human organism, the basic units of structure and function are called ________. | CELLS |
| All living matter is composed of _______. | PROTOPLASM |
| Living cells in the human body differ from one another in all of the following EXCEPT ______. | COMPOSITION |
| The _____ and cell nucleus control cell reproduction. | CENTROSOMES |
| As a cell matures and is nourished, it grows in size and eventually divides into two daughter cells. This form of cell division is called _______. | MITOSIS |
| _______ is the complex chemical and physical process that takes place in living organisms whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their various activities. | METABOLISM |
| _____ is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones. | ANABOLISM |
| _____ are protein substances that act as organic catalysts to initiate, accelerate, or control specific chemical reactions in the metabolic process while they remain unchanged. | ENZYMES |
| During the digestive process, carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars called ______. | GLUCOSE |
| _____ tissue is a thin protective layer or covering that functions in the process of absorption, excretion, secretion, and protection. | EPITHELIAL |
| Membranes are structures closely associated with epithelial tissue. There are two main categories of membranes: ______ and ______ membranes. | FIBROUS CONNECTIVE, EPITHELIAL |
| The membrane covering the bones is called the ______. | PERIOSTEUM |
| ______ tissue binds structures together, provides support and protection, and serves as a framework. | CONNECTIVE |
| _____ is found between the vertebrae and in the pubic symphysis where strong support and minimal rang of movement are required. | FIBROCARTILAGE |
| _____ tissue is connective tissue in which the intercellular substance is rendered hard by being impregnated with mineral salts. | BONE |
| _____ is a type of connective tissue that forms a fibrous network under the skin from the top of the skull to the tips of the toes and throughout the body. | FASCIA |
| _____ muscles are usually attached to bone or other muscle by way of tendons and can be controlled by conscious effort. | SKELETAL |
| _____ lack striations and usually cannot be stimulated to contract by conscious effort. | SMOOTH |
| _____ tissue initiates, controls, and coordinates the body's adaptation to its surroundings. | NERVOUS |
| _____ tissue is represented by blood and lymph. | LIQUID |
| The _____ divides the body into left and right parts by an imaginary line running vertically down the body. | SAGITTAL PLANE |
| The _____ aspect of a human body is situated behind or in back of. | POSTERIOR |
| The _____ is an imaginary line that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. | TRANSVERSE PLANE |
| The ______ is the largest organ of the body. | SKIN |
| Which one of the following is NOT a primary function of the skin? | REPRODUCTION |
| The ______ layer of the skin is considered to be the "true" skin. | DERMIS |
| There are three kinds of fibers that intermingle with the cells of the dermis. They include all of the following EXCEPT ______. | TACTILE |
| ______ makes up approximately 70 % of the dry weight of the skin and gives it strength, form, and flexibility. | COLLAGEN |
| The ______ forms a protective layer over every part of the body and varies in thickness, being thickest in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and thinnest on the inner sides of the limbs. | EPIDERMIS |
| The cells of the _____ layer of the epidermis are almost dead and undergo a change into cells of the more superficial layers. | STRATUM GRANULOSUM |
| _____ refers to abnormal conditions of the skin resulting from contact with chemicals or other exterior agents. | CONTACT DERMATITIS |
| ______ glands are sweat glands. | SUDORIFEROUS |
| Sudoriferous glands are under the control of the _____ nervous system and are located in the dermis. | AUTONOMIC |
| Hair and nails are considered to be ____ of the skin. | APPENDAGES |
| Hair and nails are composed mainly of ______. | KERATIN |
| ______ glands are associated with hair follicles. | SEBACEOUS |
| _____ muscles are associated with hair follicles and are positioned in such a way that they contract in reaction to cold or emotional stimuli. | ARRECTOR PILI |
| A(n) ______ is a blister containing a watery fluid. | BULLA |
| A(n) ______ is an external swelling, varying in size, shape, and color such as a carcinoma. | TUMOR |
| A(n) ______ is a solid lump larger than a papule that projects above the surface of the skin. An example is a lipoma or cyst. | TUBERCLE |
| A(n) ______ is an itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours. An example is hives or an insect bite. | WHEAL |
| The medical term for scar is ______. | CICATRIX |
| A(n) _______ is an open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. | ULCER |
| The least malignant and most common type of skin cancer is ______. | BASAL CELL CARCINOMA |
| The skeletal system is composed of all of the following EXCEPT _______. | TENDONS |
| _____ bones include those of the legs, arms, fingers and toes. | LONG |
| _____ bones include the carpals and tarsals. | SHORT |
| _____ bones include those in the skull, pelvis and ribs. | FLAT |
| Vertebrae are examples of ______ bones. | IRREGULAR |
| The shaft area of a long bone is called the _____. | DIAPHYSIS |
| The ______ is a fibrous membrane whose function is to protect the bone and serve as an attachment for tendons and ligaments. | PERIOSTEUM |
| _____ bone consists of irregularly shaped spaces defined by thin bony plates. It is founds in flat bones and in the ends of long bones, and it is filled with red bone marrow. | SPONGY |
| Yellow bone marrow is located in the ______ shaft of long bones. | MEDULLARY CAVITY |
| _____ bone marrow functions in the production of red and white blood cells and platelets. | RED |
| For proper growth and hardening of bony structures, the diet should contain an adequate amount of calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin _______. | D |
| The human adult skeleton consists of ___ bones. | 206 |
| The small bones of the inner ears include all of the follow EXCEPT the _____. | HYOID |
| Which of the following statements is the correct distribution of bones? | FRONTAL (1) PARIETAL (2) OCCIPITAL (1) TEMPORAL (2) SPHENOID (1) ETHMOID (1) |
| ______ joints are freely movable. | DIARTHROTIC |
| ______ joints are immovable. | SYNARTHROTIC |
| The synovial membrane secretes ______ fluid that lubricates the joint surfaces. | SYNOVIAL |
| All of the following are classifications of joints according to their structure EXCEPT _______. | TENOVIAL |
| A ______ joint is a freely movable, synovial joint, where rounded bone rotates in a ring made of bone and ligament. | PIVOT |
| A _____ joint is a slightly movable, cartilaginous joint connected by flat discs of fibrocartilage. | SYMPHYSIS |
| An example of a _____ joint are the hip and shoulder joints. | BALL AND SOCKET |
| _____ is/are bands or sheets of fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone. | LIGAMENTS |
| A ______ occurs when a bone is displaced within a joint. | DISLOCATION |
| The skeletal muscular system consists of over _____ large and small muscles. | 600 |
| ______ muscles are governed by the central nervous system and appear striated or striped under the microscope. | SKELETAL |
| _____ muscle is composed of cells that are distinctly striated, are quadrangular, joined end to end, and grouped in bundles supported by a framework of connective tissue. | CARDIAC |
| When a prime mover contracts, there is a muscle that causes the opposite action. It is called the _____. | ANTAGONIST |
| Muscles that assist the prime mover are called ______. | SYNERGISTS |
| All of the following are components of muscle motion EXCEPT _____. | FLEXION |
| What is the primary function of the biceps? | FLEX THE ELBOW |
| A ______ is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles. | SPASM |
| Muscle _____ is/are the most common injury to muscles. | STRAINS |
| The majority of muscle strains (80%) occur to the muscle ______ or at the junction between the muscle and the tendon. | BELLY |
| Muscle _____ is an enlargement of the breadth of a muscle as a result of repeated forceful muscle activity. | HYPERTROPHY |
| Muscle spasms are considered ______ when they are sustained over a period of time. | TONIC |
| Massage directly on the site of a(n) _____ cramp or charley horse is contraindicated. | SUBACUTE |
| ______ are shortened, contracted muscles or muscle groups where the muscle atrophies and shrinks while the connective tissue thickens. | CONTRACTURES |
| If a muscle cannot be contracted or is only contracted very weakly, the muscle tissue will rapidly degenerate and begin to waste away. This is called muscle ______. | ATROPHY |
| _____ is a chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue that may affect many body tissues and organs. | LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS |
| ______ is characterized by pain, fatigue, and stiffness in the connective tissue of the muscles, tendons, and ligaments. | FIBROMYALGIA |
| Transports materials between the outside and inside of the cell. Helps to control cell activity and contains cellular material. | CELL MEMBRANE |
| Contains enzymes for releasing energy and converting it to useful forms for cell operation in the form of adenosine triphosphate. | MITOCHONDRIA |
| There are two varieties: a smooth type that produces lipids and a rough type that has ribosomes attached to its surface. Provides for the transportation of materials within the cell. | ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM |
| _____ muscle is composed of cells that are distinctly striated, are quadrangular, joined end to end, and grouped in bundles supported by a framework of connective tissue. | CARDIAC |
| _____ muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. They consist of spindle-shaped nonstriated cells that overlap at the ends, often forming fibrous bands. | SMOOTH |
| When an isolated and specific action occurs, the muscle responsible for that action is called the _____. | AGONIST |
| When the distance between the ends of a contracting muscle decreases, the isotonic contraction is said to be _____. | CONCENTRIC |
| When you do a push-up what muscle action occurs? | ECCENTRIC, ISOTONIC, CONCENTRIC |
| When a muscle contracts and the ends of the muscle do not move or the body part that the muscle affects does not move, the contraction is considered ______ contraction. | ISOMETRIC |
| The _____ point of a muscle is generally attached to the more distal aspect of an appendage. | INSERTION |
| The place the muscle is anchored to a relatively immoveable section of the skeleton is called the place of ______. | ORIGIN |
| The white breast meat of a chicken is made of ______ muscle fibers. | TYPE II |
| _____ muscle fibers provide on-demand, powerful explosive contractions. These fibers tend to be larger with more actin/myosin filaments but fewer mitochondria and less blood supply. | TYPE II |
| ____ muscles support the body against gravity and are made up of a higher proportion of Type I fibers. | PHASIC |
| ____ have a relatively slower contraction time and a high resistance to fatigue. | TYPE I SLOW TWITCH FIBERS |
| _____ results either b/c the circulation of blood cannot keep pace with the demand for oxygen or b/c the waste products accumulate faster than they can be removed, affecting the muscle's ability to respond to nerve impulses. | MUSCLE FATIGUE |
| The energy for muscle contraction comes from the breakdown of the _______ molecule. | ATP |
| The site where the muscle fiber and nerve fiber meet is called the ______. | NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION |
| A(n) _____ is the smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber. | SARCOMERE |
| ____ connect muscle to bones. | TENDONS |
| The muscle cell has a connective tissue covering called the ______ that maintains its parallel position with other cells. | ENDOMYSIUM |
| All of the following are characteristics of muscles EXCEPT ______. | PROTRACTILITY irritability contractility extensibility |
| Collects the products of cell synthesis, synthesizes carbohydrates, and holds protein molecules for secretion. | GOLGI APPARATUS |
| Forms ribosomes | NUCLEOLUS |
| Synthesizes proteins | RIBOSOME |
| Divides into two parts during mitosis and moves to opposite poles of the dividing cell. | CENTROSOME |
| Digests proteins, carbohydrates, and other foreign substances that enter the cell. | LYSOSOME |
| Supervises all cell activity | NUCLEUS |
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