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19 and 21 test rev
(Robbins) Ch. 19 and 21 Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| people who start their own business. | entrepreneur |
| Name of a utopian socialist. He set up a model community in Scotland. | Robert Owen |
| British utilitarians | Jeremy Betham and John Stuart Mill |
| term that means working class | proletariat |
| movement to cities | urbanization |
| Private toll road | turnpike |
| any pain preventing drug | anasthetic |
| apartment building in which the working class lived | tenement |
| He improved the steam engine | James Watt |
| He established a link between microbes and disease | Louis Pasteur |
| invented the radio | Guglielmo Marconi |
| movement for women's voting rights | women's suffrage |
| measure of how well humans are living - infant mortality, life expectancy, per capita income, general quality of life | standard of living |
| he invented dynamite | Alfred Nobel |
| style of painting that relied on the viwer's eye to blend brush strokes into patches of color | impressionism |
| romantic composer who composed "Moonlight Sonata" Very emotional. | Beethoven |
| shares of ownership in a corporation | stock |
| movement to limit or ban alcohol | temperance |
| rebuilding poor areas of a city | urban renewal |
| A machine that could separate seeds from raw cotton | cotton gin |
| In what industry did the first factories begin? | textiles |
| labor organization that blamed machines for working class problems | luddites |
| His experiments led him to produce less expensive, better quality iron | Abraham Darby |
| He believed that population size would outpace the food supply. He also believed that disease was a natural means of population control | Thomas Malthus |
| What is the "iron law of wages"? | Wage increases will nit raise the standard of living of poor families. |
| What philosophy states as a goal "the greatest happiness for the greatest number." | utilitarianism |
| According to Karl Marx, what created prosperity for a few and poverty for many? | capitalism |
| What led to the enlargement of farms in the 1600s and 1700s? | enclosure |
| What did Abraham Darby use to smelt iron? | coal |
| How did the slave trade help Britain industrialize? | Source of investment capital |
| Method of producing cloth in individual homes | putting out system |
| Who lived in tenements? | working class |
| The "factory acts" were supposed to address what problem? | child labor |
| Who was usually paid less - men or women? | women |
| According to laissez faire economists, what should be done about poverty? | the market should be kept free of government involvement |
| According to this philosophy, the solution to poverty and injustice was shared ownership of the means of production | socialism |
| Which Asian country rapidly industrialized because of a change in political attitude regarding modernization | Japan |
| Who invented the dynamo | Michael Faraday |
| A production method in which workers repeatedly perform one task in the manufacturing process | assembly line (mass production) |
| Why did the population grow rapidly in Europe between 1800 and 1900? | medical advancements |
| Women's place is within the home. Women are better nurturers than men. Men are best suited for the public sphere of politics | cult of domesticity |
| What theory applied the idea of natural selection to the developemnt of business and society? | social darwinism |
| Movement in art and literature that was a revolt against the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason | romanticism |
| Art and literature movement that showed life as it really was | realism |
| Which European country had the resources to industrialize, but lagged behind in political and economic development so it was late to industrialize? | Russia |
| What did the bessemer process produce? | steel |
| A company that sells stock | corporation |
| Single seller of a product | monopoly |
| Who urged the sterilization of surgical equipment? | Joseph Lister |
| What did women need to have to be fully effective in the abolition and the temperance movement? | the right to vote (suffrage) |
| He took realistic pictures of the Civil War | Matthew Brady |
| According to Charles Darwin, what was central to evolution? | natural selection |
Created by:
robbinsk
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