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Stack #58629
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| metabolism | total of all chemical reactions in the body |
| anablism-anabolic | building up |
| catabolism-catabolic | breaking down |
| condensation | anabolic- molecule of water given off (metabolic water) |
| phosphorlization | add phosphate to a molecule makes molecule larger -anabolic |
| reduction | adding a electron to molecule gain energy anabolic |
| hydrolysis | catabolic- splitting using water |
| dephosphorlization | catabolic- taking away a phospate |
| oxidation | catabolic- removes electron from molecule |
| free radicals | loose electron can damage cell structure |
| co-enzyme | gain free radicals |
| potential energy | stored energy eventually converted to kinetic |
| chemical energy | forms of potential energy hold molecule together |
| enzyme | work as a catalyst increase rate of chemical reaction |
| glycogen | stored in the liver and skeletal muscles only 1lb |
| glycogenesis | synthesis of glucose to glycogen |
| glycogenolysis | glycogen to glucose |
| glucose | prefered fuel |
| gluconeogenesis | make new glucose molecules from non carbs precerssors by the liver |
| glycerol | backbone |
| fat metabolism | atp 19 |
| fatty acids process | called beta oxidation atp 129 |
| ketones | waste from broken fatty acids , lower PH in blood can cause acidosis |
| lipolysis | break down of fat seperate fatty acids from glycerol |
| lipogenesis | synthesizes fat from other nutrients |
| protein metabolism | 3rd source of fuel |
| proteolysis | protiens are broken down to amino acids |
| deamination | take amino groups out of the amino acids |
| NH3 | amonia (makes urea , the amino groups become amonia |
| keto acids | left over after amino group is removed /can travel any pathway |
| essential 10 | need to injust in the body |
| non essential 10 | bady can make from other |
| transamination | making non essential from amino acids or carbs |
| krebes cycle | occur in mitochondria needs oxygen build up co-enzymes, series of oxidation reactions NAd & FAD get energy produces co2 |
| pyruvic acid | produces lactic acid has 3 carbons |
| oxidative phosphorylization | makes most atp in the cells |
| electron transport chain | part of oxidative phosphor. take co-enzymes & break them down use that energy to add phospate to ADP to make ATP |
| 1 glucose | 38 ATP |
| acids bases salts | acids always contain H2 and, below 7.0 ph . bases always have Hydroxyl Ion salts have neither it is a cation |
| ph | Ph 7 is neutral, ph 7-6 10 times more acid , HCI is ph 1.2-2, |
| acidosis | depress CNS below 7.35 ph |
| glucose oxidation | atp 3phosphate + 1 adenosine 40 energy or work 60 % heat |
| co -enzyme A | is pattenic acid (b vitamin) |
| beta oxidation | clevage of one pair of carbon atoms fatty acid |
| ketogenesis | formation of ketones |
| I. Olfactory nerve | abilty to smell |
| II. Optic nerve | back of eye ,occipital lobe vision |
| III. Oculomotor nerve | one of three nerves to move the eye |
| IV Trochlear nerve | one of three that help move the eye |
| V. Trigeminial nerve | mastication /chewing |
| VI. Abducent nerve | one of three that move the eye |
| VII. Facial Nerve | nerve of face /expressions , saliva tears, taste sensation |
| VIII. Vestibulocochlear | part of inner ear equlibrium/ hearing |
| IX. Glossopharnyngeal | tongue/ phranx taste swallow, saliva secretion |
| X. Vagus Nerve | viscera/ organs |
| XI. Accessory nerve | traps scm head movement |
| XII. Hypoglossal Nerve | moving the tongue for speech |
| c1 | no spinous process vertebral foramen wide transverse processes articulates w/ occipital condyles |
| C2 | Bifid process on spinous processes, Dens of Axis in pivot point, first disc in between tranverse and spinouse processes |
| Thoracic | 12 vertebrae T1- T12 ribs attach to tranverse processes & body of vertbra ribs attach to facets |
| Lumbar | Span 5 vertebra L1-L5 Longest , thickest, small transverse processes |
| Sacrum | 5 vertbrae fused to 1 S1-S5 foramen, illiums and coxals |
| Coccyx | 1 vertbrae coccygeal |
| adult | extend L1-L2 |
| Baby | extend L2-L3 |
| conus medullaris | tapering end of spinal cord as high as t12 as low as L3 |
| cauda equina (horse tail) | spinal nerve roots that are a bundle |
| Denticulate Ligaments | lateral to spinal cord , guide wire to stablelize spinal cord , a pia mater extension |
| Filum Terminate | a pia mater extension direct contact to spinal cord serves as a anchor |
| spinal tap/ lumbar tap | below taper end of the spinal cord |
| intervertbral foramen | betweens all vertbrae opening for spinal nerves |
| roots | attach apinal chord & nerve together very specific either sensory or motor. |
| posterior / dorsal spinal chord | sensory root carry info into the spinal chord |
| anterior ventral | motor carry info out of the spinal chord |
| spinal nerves | mixed sensory & motor |
| rami | nerve surfacefrom vertebral from branches |
| dorsal rami | innervate deep back muscles |
| ventral rami | form a braid of nerves or plexus 4 different plexus |
| cervical plexus | neck- spinal nerves c1-c4 |
| brachial plexus | C5-C8 & T1 |
| Lumbar plexus | L1-L4 |
| Sacral Plexus | L4-S4 |
| Laminar groove | between tranverse & spinous processes |
| laminectomy | remove section of the bone to relieve pressure on spinal chord |
| cervical movements | flexion, lateral flexion, |
| thoracic movements | rotation, lateral flexion |
| lumbar movements | lateral flexion, rotation, flexion, extension |
Created by:
tmarbuery
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