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ADHI Ch7
Capitalization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| give distinction, importance, or emphasis to words | fundamental role of capitalization |
| most words are capitalized to emphasize their | identities as entities of significance |
| require capitalization to set them off from text around them, often to indicate introduction of new thought/concept | first/opening words |
| capitalize __ __ of every sentence | first word |
| capitalize __ question w/in sentence | independent |
| capitalize first word of quoted sentence when quoted material represents | independent clause or complete sentence |
| do not capitalize first word of quoted material when it represents | phrase/subordinate clause |
| do not capitalize first word after __ if material that follows is subordinate & cannot stand alone as sentence | colon |
| capitalize first word after colon if it is __ __ or other word that is automatically capitalized | proper noun |
| capitalize first word of independent clause after colon to express | special emphasis or formal rule/instruction |
| capitalize first word after colon when material following colon consists of | 2/more sentences |
| capitalize first word after colon when material preceding colon is | short introductory word, such as Note, Caution, Wanted |
| capitalize each item in __ or __, even when items in list represent single words, phrases, or clauses | list; outline |
| when sentence/independent clause set off by dashes/parentheses w/in another sentence, do not capitalize | first word following opening dash/parentheses |
| do not capitalize first word, when into within parentheses/dashes | represents word, phrase, or subordinate clause |
| capitalize __ __ in titles & designations | major words |
| when preceding personal names all personal, executive, professional, civic, military, & religious titles | should be capitalized |
| when preceding personal names, but follows appositive set off by commas, all personal, executive, professional, civic, military, & religious titles | should not be capitalized |
| do not capitalize general __ __ when they precede personal names | occupational titles |
| occupational titles __ be used with a personal name when it stands alone | cannot |
| official titles __ be used with a personal name when it stands alone | can |
| do not capitalize __ titles when they follow personal name or are used in its place | official |
| retain capitalization for all __ national officials, state officials, foreign dignitaries, & international figures | high-ranking |
| capitalize all official titles when in __ __ | direct address |
| capitalize all family titles (mother, sister, father, etc.) when they are | followed by a personal name & when they stand alone |
| do not capitalize family titles when they are preceded by __ __ | possessive pronoun |
| do not capitalize family titles when they are __ by an article, such as the | preceded |
| capitalize all literary & artistic titles except articles, short conjunctions, & short prepositions unless they | occur as 1st/last word of title |
| do not capitalize word the when it __ a title unless it is part of __ | precedes; title |
| titles of articles take __ __ only when they are used in a reference/source citation | initial capitals |
| treat unique documents & forms within medical facility as you would an article, meaning generic references | would not be capitalized |
| when specific form/document could be confused for common noun/phrase, best to __ __ __ for name of form being referenced | use initial capitals |
| document/form uniquely created & named by facility should be capitalized when it is | referenced within document |
| capitalize abbreviated forms for __ __, especially when they follow personal name | professional credentials |
| do not capitalized credentials that are __ __ when they are generally referenced in sentence, unless they __ personal name as a formal title | spelled out; follow |
| do not capitalize academic degrees used in | general description or classification |
| do capitalize academic degrees that follow personal name as | formal title |
| only capitalize the word __ when referring to its levels, only when a number follows it but not when number precedes it | grade |
| do capitalize general references to __ __ unless full formal name of law/document is referenced | legal terms |
| capitalize all __ nouns or __ names of person, place, or thing | proper; official |
| do not capitalize proper nouns or official name when they | function as common nouns |
| capitalize __ prefix in names that contain it as well as letter that follows apostrophe | O' |
| when common noun used in place of full name, do not capitalize __ __ unless special emphasis is required or when common noun is personified | short form |
| capitalize abbreviated forms of company, corporation, incorporated, & limited when business name | incorporates those abbreviations in its formal name/title |
| eponyms or words named after a person __ __ capitalized | should be |
| extremely common in medical language, where name diseases, signs, syndromes, tests, procedures, instruments, & surgical equipment names are named after inventor, creator, discoverer | eponyms |
| do not __ adjectival or verbal forms derived from eponyms | capitalize |
| capitalize adjectival forms of words derived from proper nouns that are __ __, most of which represent geographic designations | not eponyms |
| when expressed as general reference common organizational terms (department, division, committee, etc.) should | not be capitalized |
| organizational terms unique to clinic/acute care setting (clinic, laboratory, emergency room, intensive care unit, etc) do not | get capitalized |
| clinic, laboratory, emergency room, intensive care unit, etc should be treated as __ nouns | common |
| common organizational terms should be capitalized when they are | part of formal name, including part of federal government agency name |
| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. should be capitalized when functioning in sentence as | organizational entity |
| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. should not be capitalized when it is | their primary/common meaning being referred to in sentence |
| when functioning as organizational entity (anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc.) will be able to identify them by | personification or departmental entity |
| when identifying words, such as anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc., can be helpful to substitute | word definition/full departmental entity in place of word to see which makes sense in context |
| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. look for the word __ which would required no capitalization; specimen sent for pathology | for |
| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. look for the word __ which would required capitalization; specimen sent to Pathology | to |
| brand names, trade names, & trademark names will | require capitalization |
| in order to confirm brand status (brand names, trade names, & trademark names) you should always | refer to reputable pharmacology reference or resource |
| many pharmacological brand names use __, or mixed, capitalization in their names | idiosyncratic |
| those that use idiosyncratic capitalization should be transcribed that way; capitalized portions of terms many time represent acronyms that identify specific protocols | chemotherapy protocols & investigational agents |
| generic name, aka nonproprietary name, is __, __ name for a drug | established; official |
| in US, generic name of drugs are created by | US Adopted Names (USAN) Council |
| internationally, generic name of drugs are created by | World Health Organization (WHO) |
| generic drug names are public domain, use is unrestricted & __ __ __ capitalization | do not require |
| when generic & brand names of medication sound a like, use __ __ | generic name |
| when generic & brand names of medication sound a like, use brand name | only if specifically being referenced |
| always refer to reputable pharmacology reference or resource to | confirm generic status |
| illegal/illicit drugs names, or their street references, should __ __ capitalized | not be |
| do not capitalize medicinal __ __ used in alternative medicine | herb names |
| do capitalize proper nouns __ __ medicinal herb names used in alternative medicine; i.e. St. John's wort, St. James weed | that accompany |
| be careful not to confuse medicinal herb names w/their genus/species names; genus __ __ capitalized | would be |
| be careful not to confuse medicinal herb names w/their genus/species names; species __ __ | not capitalized |
| always capitalize genus name & their __ __ when they are accompanied by species name; i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, S aureus | abbreviated forms |
| do not capitalize __ names used in plural & adjectival forms; i.e. staphylococci; strep throat/staph infection | genus |
| do not capitalize genus names when used in __; i.e. staphylococcal infection | vernacular |
| do not capitalize genus names when they __ __ (without a species name); i.e. staphylococcus | stand alone |
| suffixes -osis & -iasis indicate disease caused by particular class of infectious agents/types of infections, & __ require capitalization | don't |
| countries, cities, towns, counties, continents, islands, streets, buildings, parks, airports, peninsulas, bodies of water, monuments, forests, canyons, dams, mountains, & regions will require capitalization when | they name specific location by proper name |
| countries, cities, towns, counties, continents, islands, streets, buildings, parks, airports, peninsulas, bodies of water, monuments, forests, canyons, dams, mountains, & regions will not require capitalization when | described by common nouns in general reference |
| common geographical name is not capitalized in | compound expressions |
| some common geographic names, i.e. the Hill (Capital Hill), the Village (Greenwich Village), etc., are capitalized purely because of their __ __ w/particular place but only when completely unambiguous in context | clear association |
| city is capitalized only when it is | part of name of city or is nickname of that city |
| names of races, languages, nationalities, ethnicities, tribes, political parties, religions, & religious denominations are | always capitalized |
| when referring to race you would not capitalize a(n) | designation of white/black; i.e. single white female |
| references to general religious observances, i.e. baptism, seder, etc., would not be capitalized unless | they are formed from proper nouns |
| special & historical events, i.e. Civil War, should be capitalized, but not | common nouns that accompany them; i.e. era |
| names of awards, medals, & honors __ __ capitalization | always require |
| formal titles of acts, laws, bills, & treaties require capitalization but not | common nouns used in place of them |
| to determine designated capitalization of programming languages & operating systems always refer to reputable source when they are | written in all capitals |
| there are reputable resources for software applications that are expressed as compound nouns requiring | capital letter at beginning of each statement |
| when dealing w/computer commands, functions, or features | use initial capitals |
| capitalize north, south, east, west, & words derived from these terms when they | identify specific region or are part of proper names |
| do not capitalize north, south, east, west, & words derived from these terms when they are | expressed as general direction/location |
| days of week, months, holidays, & religious days __ __ capitalization | will demand |
| names of seasons are not capitalized unless | they are personified |
| names of programs, movements, or concepts (social security check, civil rights activist, etc.) are not capitalized when | used in general reference |
| names of programs, movements, or concepts (Social Security Administration, civil Rights Act, etc.) are capitalized when | used as part of proper names |
| when heading is referred to in body of report, use initial capitals for __ __ in heading to clearly delineate reference as proper heading & not common noun/phrase | each word |
| when heading is referred to in body of report, use initial capitals for each word in heading except for | articles & prepositions |
| when a heading is formatted in all capitals, reference to heading elsewhere in report | should not be expressed in all capitals |
| when clear in context that physician is not referencing specific section of report, but is using phrase as general reference | do not capitalize or delineate as formal title |
| do not capitalize words from which __ or __ is derived unless words are official name, title, or proper nouns | acronyms; initialism |
| when case studies, protocols, or clinical trials are given acronyms that do not always represent initialism, do not | use unusual capitalization to indicate how study name was derived |
| nouns functioning in __ role in sentence should be capitalized, in order to differentiate it from its common noun usage | personified |
| nouns are said to be personified when | they are assigned human qualities |
| refers to concept of giving inanimate object, human/animated qualities | personification |
| capitalize only those elements of __ __ that are proper nouns or proper adjectives when they occur within a sentence | hyphenated words |
| capitalize only the __ __ of hyphenated word when it occurs at beginning of sentence | first element |
| when hyphenated compounds occur in headings, titles, subtitles, or tables, do not capitalize __ __ of hyphenated compound if either part is hyphenated prefix/suffix, or if commonly read as unit | second part |
| when hyphenated compounds represent words that are commonly read as unit & carry equal weight in compound, both parts | should be capitalized when used in headings, titles, etc. |
Created by:
lfrancois
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