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EKG week 2 &3
Anatomy of the Heart & Electrical system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atrium | 2 upper chambers of the heart |
| ventricle | 2 lower chamber of the heart |
| interventricular septum | separates right and left ventricles |
| interatrial septum | separates right and left atrium |
| pulmonic valve | semilunar on right between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Sending blood to the lungs |
| mitral valve | AV on left between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| aortic valve | semilunar on left between the left ventricle and the aorta. Sending blood to the rest of the body |
| tricuspid valve | AV on right between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| sternum | center of chest / breastbone |
| pulmonary artery | carries unoxygenated from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart/left atrium |
| xiphoid process | cartilage at the end of the sternum |
| inferior vena cava | large vein that carries unoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium |
| superior vena cava | large vein that carries unoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium |
| aorta | receives blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. largest artery in the body |
| arteries | carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart except: pulmonary artery |
| veins | carry unoxygenated blood TOWARDS the heart except: pulmonary vein |
| atrioventricular valves / AV valves | valves from the atrium to the ventricles: tricuspid & mitral valves |
| semilunar valves | valves in ventrical allows blood out to the rest of the body: pulmonic & aortic valves |
| septum | muscle between right and left sides of the heart |
| endocardium | the inner layer lining of the heart |
| myocardium | the muscular middle layer. This is the contractile element of the heart |
| epicardium | the fibrous layer of the heart.The coronary arteries,which supply blood to heart, found in this layer. |
| pericarduim sac | double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels. |
| clavicle | collar bones |
| ribs | intercostal spaces |
| thoracic cavity | holds the heart and lungs |
| abdominal cavity | holds all other organs |
| diaphragm muscle | divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| unoxygenated blood | enters on right side of heart going to lungs |
| oxygenated blood | enters left side of heart from lungs |
| sinoatrial node | posterior wall of the right atrium initiates every heart beat |
| avieoli | air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occur. from carbon dioxide to oxygen. |
| chordae tendineae | strands of tendon that anchor the cusps of the mitral and tricuspid valves. allows to open and close |
| papillary muscle | tendinous cords that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves allows to open and close |
| right coronary artery | vessel off the aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart. |
| left coronary artery | first vessel off the aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart |
| circumflex artery | feeds oxygenated blood to the lateral and postiera walls. |
| left anterior descending artery | brings oxygenated blood to the front of heart of the left ventricle and down to the apex |
| sinoatrial node - SA node | located in upper right atrium initiate every heart beat. natural pacemaker.initiates atrium contraction |
| atrioventricular node - AV node | located in the lower right atrium receives impulses from the SA node. slows down to 40/60bpm. allows atrium to empty |
| internodal pathways | located in the left atrium coming from the SA node. also known as the Bachmann's bundle |
| atrial contraction | SA node - internodal pathway - AV node |
| bundle of his | coming from AV node, located in the right ventricle side, by the septum. starts ventricular contractions |
| bundle branches | interventricular septum coming from right atrium down to the right and left ventricls |
| right bundle branch | stimulates the right ventricle |
| left bundle branch | stimulates the left ventricle, anterior fascicle & posterior fascicle |
| anterior fascicle | stimulates front wall and superior portion |
| posterior fascicle | stimulates back wall in the inferior portions |
| purkinje fibers | stimulates the apex of the heart |
| ventricular contraction | bundle of his - bundle branches - purkinje fibers |
| right side of heart unoxygeated blood going to the lungs | superior venacava - right atrium - inferior venacava - tricuspid valve - right ventrical - pulmonic valve |
| left side of heart oxygenated blood going to the rest of the body | aorta - pulmonary artery - pulmonary veins- left atrium - mitral valve - left ventrical - aortic valve |
| bpm | beats per minute |
| capillaries | smallest vessels connect arterioles and venules, and enable the exchange gases oxygen & carbon dioxide |
| Depolarization | Doing - contraction - pushes blood out active stage |
| Repolarization | Resting - allows blood in |
| Na+ | sodium |
| K+ | Potassium - Kalemia ALWAYS NEGATIVE |
| sodium & potassium | most important to the heart, can NOT function without the right amounts |
| lasix | medicine to get rid of unwanted fluid in the body |
| repolarization cell - resting | K+ potassium inside cell is negatively charged Na+ sodium outside is positive |
| contractility | shortening and lengthening |
| extensibility | stretching |
| myocardial cells | muscle cells |
| myocardium electrical cells | stimulated by the electrical system production & conduction of the stimulation (impulse)will work if SA node is not working |
| A. automacticity | ability of the cell to generate an impulse start a heart beat |
| B. excitability | ability to respond to the impulse |
| C. conductivity | ability to transmit the impulse from cell to to cell |
| intercollated disc | allows the transfer of an impulse from cell to next. allows for conductivity |
| cusp | three leaflet - valve tricuspid |
| conduction | electrical system |
Created by:
joanneb
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