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Kasey2004 Flashcards
Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skeletal muscle | attaches to the bones of the skeleton |
| voluntary muscles | muscles that are attached to the skeleton and move by a person's conscious effort |
| striated muscles | muscles that will have a striped appearance |
| contraction or shortening of the muscle | one bone where the muscle is attached does not move, while the other bone can move more freely |
| muscle fibers | long slender cells that make up the skeletal muscle |
| fascia | connective tissue that covers and binds the muscles together |
| tendons | bands of dense white fibrous connective tissue that connect the muscle to the bones and help with movement |
| ligaments | tough, strong, flexible bands of tissue that connect bone to bone giving support to the joints |
| joints | the points of contact that are between two bones and hole the bones together |
| bursae | small synovial fluid sacs that are found at the friction points around the joints between the tendons, ligaments, and bones |
| smooth muscles | involuntary muscles found lining the walls of hollow internal organs of the body |
| visceral muscles | smooth muscle located in a large internal organ of the body |
| cardiac muscle | specialized muscle which forms the wall of the heart; involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system |
| my/o | muscle |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| leiomy/o | smooth muscle |
| rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| fasci/o | band of fibrous tissue |
| burs/o | bursae, sac, bursa |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| origin | the place where the muscle begins or originates and attaches to the less movable bone |
| insertion | the point where the muscle ends or inserts and is attached to the more movable bone |
| fibrous joint | the surfaces of the bones fitting closely together with fibrous connective tissue, forms a non-moving joint |
| cartilaginous joint | joint where the bones are connected by cartilage, allows limited movement |
| synovial joint | allow free movement, include ball and socket joints |
| abduction | moving away from the midline of the body such as lifting your arm |
| adduction | moving toward the midline such as bringing your arm down to your side |
| flexion | bending, or decreasing the angle at the joint; this would be bending your arm at the elbow |
| extension | straightening, or increasing the angle at the joint to straighten your arm out straight |
| elevation | the motion of raising a body part such as when you take a deep breath and the ribs rise |
| depression | the lowering of a body part such as when you exhale and the ribs lower when you breathe out |
| rotation | the turning of the bone on its own axis, or pivoting such as turning your head |
| circumduction | moving an extremity in a circular motion such as swinging your arm around your body |
| supination | the turning of your arm so that your palm is facing upward |
| pronation | the turning of your arm so that you palm is facing down |
| dorsiflexion | the action of bending your foot upward at the ankle toward your face |
| plantar flexion | bending your foot downward toward the ground at the ankle |
| retraction | moving a body part backward such as tilting your head backward |
| protraction | moving of a body part forward such as bending your head forward |
| external rotation | the turning of a limb about its axis of rotation away from the midline of the body |
| internal rotation | the turning of a limb about its axis of rotation towards the midline of the body |
| rheumatologist | treats inflammation of the connective tissue and muscles |
| neurologist | treats illnesses that involve paralysis or loss of movement |
| cardiologist | treat disorders of the cardiac muscles |
| orthopedic surgeon | treats injuries and disorders of the bones, joints, muscles, and tendons |
| a | no, or not |
| an | no, or not |
| dys | painful, abnormal |
| hyper | excessive, more than usual |
| hypo | below, less than normal |
| pro | before |
| re | back |
| retro | behind |
| sub | under, below |
| trans | across or through |
| endo | within |
| itis | inflammation |
| algia | pain |
| ic | pertaining to |
| al | pertaining to |
| tonia | muscle tone |
| oma | tumor |
| opsy | the process of viewing |
| asthenia | without feeling or sensation |
| scopy | process of visual examination |
| tomy | incision, to cut into |
| osis | abnormal condition |
| ankyl/o | stiff |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| electr/o | electricity |
| oste/o | bone |
| myos/o | muscle |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| electromyography or EMG | uses an instrument that converts the electrical activity associated with functioning skeletal muscle and records the strength of the muscle contraction as electrical stimulation is applied |
| nerve conduction studies or electroneuromyography | procedure that is used for testing and recording the neuromuscular activity by the electrical stimulation to the nerve |
| DTR or deep tendon reflex | uses a reflex hammer to strike the tendon in an extremity checking for a response or the absence of a response when the muscle is stimulated by the hammer |
| range of motion testing | evaluates joint mobility and muscle strength |
| muscle biopsy | extracting of muscle tissue for the purpose of diagnosing a disease process |
| needle aspiration | the removal of fluid by inserting a needle into a body cavity |
| dislocation of a bone | the displacement of the bone from its normal position within the joint, which causes the loss of function of the joint |
| muscular dystrophy or MD | inherited disease that causes muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system; the prefix -dys- meaning abnormal and the suffix -trophy- meaning growth, development |
| myasthenia gravis or MG | chronic auto-immune disease affecting the muscles that control the eye movements, chewing, swallowing, coughing, facial expressions, and breathing; the root of the word -my- means muscle & the suffix -asthenia- means without feeling or sensation, weakness |
| fibromyalgia syndrome | chronic disorder that presents with widespread aching pain, tender points when touched, and fatigue; cause is unknown; fibro - means fibrous tissue, -my- means muscle, and -algia- means pain |
| tendonitis | inflammation of the tendons of the joints; the root of the word -tend/o- means tendon, and the suffix -itis- means inflammation |
| dystonia | abnormal muscle tone; the prefix -dys- meaning abnormal or bad, suffix -tonia- meaning muscle tone |
| contractures | abnormal shortening of muscle tissues making the muscle unable to stretch |
| hyperkinesia or hyperactivity | abnormal increased motor function; the prefix -hyper- meaning above, excessive, suffix -kinesia- meaning movement |
| sprains | injuries to the joints and are caused by overuse, or a torn ligament |
| strains | injuries to the body of the muscle or the attachment of the tendon involving a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachement |
| paralysis | loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement caused by disease or injury to the nerve supply |
| hemiparesis | weakness of one side of the body; the prefix -hemi- means half, suffix -paresis- means partial paralysis |
| ankylosis | immobility of a joint; the suffix -osis- means condition, the root -ankyl/o- means stiff |
Created by:
Kasey2004
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