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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diseases of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. | Cardiology |
| Cellular structure and functions | Cytology |
| Study of Skin | Dermatology |
| Diseases of the encocrine (glands and hormones) system. | Endocrinology |
| Diseases of the intestinal or digestive system. | Gastroenterology |
| Gynecology | Diseases of the female reproductive system. |
| Hematology | Study of Blood |
| Histology | Microscopic structures of tissues |
| Immunology | Diseases of the Immune System |
| Microbiology | Study of Microbes. |
| Diseases of the kidney and urinary system. | Nephrology |
| Diseases of the Nervous system. | Neurology |
| Tumors | Onclology |
| Study of Parasites | Parasitology |
| Pathology | Pathogens or disease causing agents. |
| Antibodies in the system. | Serology |
| Urinary System (Study of) | Urology |
| Homeostasis refers to which of the following | Study-state condition |
| The term Superficial vein means which of the following? | Vein that is close to the skin surface |
| What is the best position for a patient to be in when the health care worker performs a phlebotomy procedure? | Supine position |
| Arteries differ from veins in which ways? | Blood from arteries appears bright red. |
| Capillary blood contains the following? | Cells, plasma arterial blood, venous blood. |
| A patient has a severe burn on his left writst, Select the best description of its location relative to his fingers. The burn is: | Proximal to his fingers. |
| Venous blood is: | Dark red |
| What volume of blood (in liters) does a normal adult have? | 4-5 liters. |
| A patient is taking aspirin. How might this affect a venipuncture? | Bleeding may be excessive or prolonged. |
| Hemostasis refers to: | Control of blood clotting |
| Erythrocyte | Red Blood Cells (RBC) |
| Leukocyte | White Blood Cells (WBC) |
| Arteries | Thick walled vessels |
| Venules | Thin walled vessels, and branching vessels that flow back to the heart. |
| Capillary | contains a mixture of arterial and venous blood |
| Veins | Thin valed vessels, and branching vessels that flow back to the heart. |
| Plasma | Blood specimen that does contain an anticoagulant. |
| Serum | Blood specimen that does does not contain anticoagulant. |
| Antecubital | Near the bend of the elbow. |
| Median Cubital Vein. | Best vein to use for venipuncture. |
| Leukocyte | White Blood Cells (WBC) |
| Arteries | Thick walled vessels |
| Venules | Thin walled vessels, and branching vessels that flow back to the heart. |
| Capillary | contains a mixture of arterial and venous blood |
| Veins | Thin valed vessels, and branching vessels that flow back to the heart. |
| Plasma | Blood specimen that does contain an anticoagulant. |
| Serum | Blood specimen that does does not contain anticoagulant. |
| Antecubital | Near the bend of the elbow. |
| Median Cubital Vein. | Best vein to use for venipuncture. |
| Basilic vein | Alternative vein to use for veinpuncture. |
| Saphenous vein | The longest vessel in the body. |
| Fibrnogen | A blood clotting factor |
| Femoral Artery | Deep Vessel in the leg. |
| Platelets | Thrombcytes |
| CO 2 | Carbon dioxide |
| Hemostasis | Blood clotting mechanism in the body |
| Homeostasis | Steady state condition of the body. |
| Deoxygenated blood | Blood that is carried in the veins |
| Cardiac muscle | The Heart. |
| Process of forming a blood clot. | Coagulate |
| Substance that prevents blood clotting | Anticoagulate. |
| Excess sugar in the blood | Hyperglycema |
| White blood cell (WBC) | Leukocyte |
| Red Blood Cell | Erthrocyte |
| Front area of the elbow. | Anticubital |
| Pathology | Study of diseases |
| Decrease in white blood cells | Leukopenia |
| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the Arteries |
| Heart | Muscular organ about the size of an adult's closed fist. Contractions push blood throughout the body. Average heart beats 60 to 80 times per minute. |
| Arteries | 1. Transport blood from the right and left chambers of the heart to the entire body. 2. Large arteries branch into arterioles the farther they are from the heart. 3. Carry oxygenated blood that is bright red in color. |
| Arteries 2 | 4. Have thicker elastic walls than veins do. 5. Have a pulse. 6. Are located deep in muscles/tissues |
| From Artery to Arteriole to Capillaries | to venule to vein |
| The yellow-topped vacuum collection tube has which of the following additives? | Sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) |
| The butterfly blood collection set is frequently used with the needle gauge size of: | 23 |
| Which of the following anticoagulants is found in a royal blue topped blood collection tube? | no additive |
| Lithium heparin is a suitable anticoagulant for collecting blood to run which of the following tests? | Glucose Level. |
| Which of the following is a blood microcollection system? | RAM SAFE-T-FILL |
| Specimens for which of the following tests must be collected in light blue-topped blood collection tubes? | PT and APTT |
| Blood Collection for blood-banking procedures can be collected in which of the following tubes? | Pink topped tubes |
| A prefilled device used as a collection and dilution unit is the: | BD Unopette |
| Which of the following anticoagulants is recommeneded for blood smear preparations? | EDTA |
| Which blood collection tube should be used to obtain the blood for the glucose level? | Gray topped tube |
| What does the Sodium Flouride in the gray topped tubes destroy? | Destroys many enzymes (e.g. AST, CK, ALP, ALT) in the blood, it shouldn't be used for enzyme collection |
| Gold/Red Black (Tiger) Vacutainer Tubes | Clot activator and gel for serum separation |
| Gold/Red Black Vacutainer Tubes Laboratory Use is: | For serum determinations in chemistry. May be used for routine blood donor screening and diagnostic testing of serum for infectious disease. Tube inversions ensure mixing of clot activator with blood. (Blood clotting time is 30 minutes). |
| The terms antiglycolytic agent and glycolytic inhibitor are the terms for this tubes additive(The Gray topped tube). because: | It prevents glucose breakdown |
| Circulatory System | Keeps things moving. |
| Circulation Process (Pulmonary Circulation) | Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart and lungs for gas exchange. |
| Circulation Process (Systemic Circulation) | Carries Blood between the heart and the rest of the body's tissues. |
| Functions of the Circulatory System | Oxygen transport, Nutrient Trasnport, Waste Transport, Water Balance, Heat Balance, Vitamin Transport, Hormone Transport, Infection Control, Loss Control (clotting) |
| The Heart | Functions as the primary pump for the circulatory system. |
| heart - Made up of four main chambers through which the bllod flows. | Located slightly left of the midline in the thoracis (chest cavity) |
| Heart Chambers (4) | Left Atrium, Right Atrium, Left Ventrical, Right Ventrical. |
| heart (Blood) 1 | Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cavae |
| heart (Blood) 2 | The blood moves throught the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. |
| heart (Blood) 3 | The ventricle contracts and blood exits through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary arteries. |
| Blood | Provides nutrients, oxygen, chemical substances and wasted removal for each of the individual cell in the body. |
| Provides nutrients, oxygen, chemical substances and waste removal for each of the individual cells in the body. | Blood |
| The fluid, circulating connective tissue primarily responsible for circulation with the body. | Blood |
| Blood interacting with every part of the body, blood tests show key data abour organ function, infection and other physical conditions | Blood |
| What is the average amount of blood that an adult has? | 5 to 6 liters. |
| Comprimised of different types of cells, water, and dissolved substances. There are 3 main types of blood cells. | Composed of Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Leukocytes (WBC), Thrombocytes, platelets, Plasma, (main component), serum (plasma, without clotting factors) |
| Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): RBC | Commonly called red blood cells, these are the most numerous cells in the blood. The avg. adult has 20-30 trillion RBC's. Each cell is 6 to 8 micrometers across. |
| Erythrocytes | Packed with proten called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and allows transport Also gives blood it's red color. |
| Hemoglobin | 4 part protein which can attach to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. |
| Life span of 120 days, before being removed by the liver, bone marrow or spleen. Flexible shape allows them to pass through capillaries. About 7mm in diameter and 2 mm thick. | hemoglobin |
| Leukocytes (WBC) | Differ in size and shape, defense mechanism, formed in bone marrow and lymphatic tissues/ 5,000 to 10,000 WBC's in a microliter of blood. WBC's divided into granular and agranular |
| Filled with enzymes and proteins to aid in the fight agains foreign microbes; 50-70%.(Leukocytes) | granular |
| Neutrophils (Leukocytes) | Most abundant WBC; digest bacteria (phagocytosis) |
| Eosinophils (Leukocytes) | Combat infection; control allergies and asthma. |
| Basophils (Leukocytes) | Release histamines to defend the body. |
| Agranular:(Leukocytes) | Without cytoplasmic granules 25-35% of all WBC's |
| B- and T- cells; play a role in immunity | Lymphocytes (Leukocytes) |
| Largest of the WBC's; stimulate other WBC's to defend the body. | Monocytes (Leukocytes) |
| Thrombocytes & Platelets | Created in the Bone Marrow. Smallest of the blood cells (250,000 - 450,000 mm) Aid in the clotting process. Life span of 9-12 days. |
| Plasma | Liquid portion of the blood. Contains clotting factors. Constitutes 55% of total blood volume. Composed of 90% water and 10% combination of: proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hnormones, lipids, waste products. |
| The most significant element of plasman is albumin, which is responsible for osmotic pressure and molecular transport. | Plasma |
| Serum | Blood plasma WITHOUT clotting factors. contains the same chemical makeup as plasma. |
| Blood Types (ABO) | Based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBC's. |
| Antigen | A substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and can cause an immune response. |
| Blood group AB | Individuals have both A and B antigens on the surface of their RBC's. |
| Blood group A | Individuals have the A antigen on the surface of their RBC's. |
| Blood group B | Individuals have the B antigen on the surface of their RBC's. |
| Blood group O | Individuals have neither A nor B antigens on the surface of their RBC's. |
| Hemoglobin (HGB) | Measures the level of hemoglobin in the blood, which determines the oxygen carrying ability. |
| Red Cell Indices Mean Corpuscular Hgb (MCH) | determines the avg., amount of hemoglobin in the avg. RBC. |
| Mean Corpuscular Hgb concentration (MCHC) | Determines the ratio of hemoglobin in a cell as compared to the size of the cell. |
| Common Coagulation Tests | Includes, Activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, bleeding time, factor activity assays, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation tests, international normalized ratio, prothrombin time, thrombin clotting tieme. |
| The Phlebotomist knows | Physicians typically order the following labs in order to assess the general health of the patient: Chem 7, ALP, AST, LDH, cholestrol, triglycerides, uric acid, total protein/albumin, bilirubin, calcium. |
| (Common Chemistry Tests & Panels)Most Blood Chemistry Tests | Are performed on either Serum, or plasma. |
| Blood Chem Tests/Panels | Serum is collected in a plain red-topped tube, without anticoagulants or in a serum separator tube (SST) clots for about 30 mins. before the serum is separated by a centrifuge. |
| Blood Chem Tests/Panels | Plasma is collected with tubes that contain either heparin or fluoride. |
| (Test Type) Chem 7 | (Test Purpose) To assess basic organ function; general metabolic screen/basic panel. |
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drehmon2237
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