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Med Law & Ethics VC
Med Law Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stereotyping | occurs when negative generalities concerning specific characteristics about a group are applied unfairly to an entire population |
| Bias | unfair dislike or preference against someone can prevent a healthcare professional from making an impartial judgement. |
| Ethnocentric | tend to believe that their cultural background is better than any other. |
| Autonomy | independence for their beliefs |
| Employment-at-Will Concept | Employment takes place at will of either employer or employee Employment may be terminated at will at any time for no reason Employee may quit at any time |
| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Prohibits discrimination, or unfair treatment based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin Sexual harassment |
| Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA) of 1972 | Authorizes suits on behalf of persons whose Title VII rights(Civil rights act of 1964) are violated |
| Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 | Employers must treat pregnant women as they would any other employee, providing pregnancy does not hinder job performance Employer cannot force woman to quit her job because she is pregnant |
| Civil Rights Act of 1991 | Permits court to award both compensatory damages (for loss of income or emotional pain and suffering) and punitive damages (to punish the defendant and deter others from practicing discrimination) |
| Age Discrimination Act of 1967 | Protects persons 40 and older against discrimination Applies to employers with 20 or more employees |
| Rehabilitation Act of 1973 | Prohibits discrimination based on disability in institutions that receive federal financial assistance |
| Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA) of 1990 | Prohibits employers who have more than 15 employees from discriminating against individual with disability Employer must make reasonable accommodations (AIDS patients also protected) |
| Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 | Employer required by law to provide safe and healthy work environment Must protect worker against hazards Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standards (urine, blood, saliva etc) |
| Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act of 1973 | Requires company with 25 or more employees to provide HMO alternative to regular group insurance if HMO is available in area Under HMO, patient has limited choice of doctors |
| Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 | Employers contracting to provide goods or service to the federal government must certify that they maintain a drug-free workplace |
| National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935 | Gives employees right to form and join unions, to bargain collectively, and to strike for better benefits and working conditions Purpose of law is to protect employees |
| Antitrust Laws | Seeks to preserve the private competitive market system by prohibiting activities that are anticompetitive |
| Bankruptcy | When unable to pay debts, may file for bankruptcy Provides some protection to debtors Establishes fair method for distribution of debtor’s assets to all creditors |
| Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1994 | Allows mother and father to take leave of absence of up to 12 weeks in 12-month period when a baby is born Job or equivalent position must be available when employee returns to work |
| Worker’s Compensation Act | Protects workers and families from financial problems resulting from employment-related injury, disease, or death Employers pay into a fund to help cover costs when employee has work-related injury or disease |
| Unemployment Compensation | Employers pay taxes into state compensation plan Covers employees unable to work through no fault of their own (laid off) |
| Equal Pay Act of 1963 | Illegal for employer to discriminate on basis of gender if performing same job |
| Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 | Main statute regulating employee benefits Establishes minimum wage, requires pay for overtime, sets maximum hours employees can work |
| Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 | Employers contracting to provide goods or service to the federal government must certify that they maintain a drug-free workplace |
| Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act of 1973 | Requires company with 25 or more employees to provide HMO alternative to regular group insurance if HMO is available in area Under HMO, patient has limited choice of doctors |
| Public Health Records and Vital Statistics are used for: | population trends and needs |
| public health officer holds inquest if death from unknown or violent cause | coroner |
| physician who investigates unexplained deaths and can perform autopsy | Medical examiner |
| examination after death to determine cause of death | autopsy |
| Diseases transmitted from one person to another | communicable |
| Includes physical abuse, neglect, exploitation, abandonment, and financial abuse of adults 60 and older | Elder Abuse |
| Signs of Abuse | Repeated injuries Bruises and unexplained swelling Unexplained fractures Bite marks Unusual marks Bruising or swelling in genital area |
| Only those with a______may issue prescriptions for narcotics | DEA number |
| Adopted by professional organizations Summarize basic principles and behavior expected by all in that discipline Meant to govern conduct of members of given profession | Code of ethics |
| Provides guidance for many of the dilemmas regarding right and wrong that medical assistants face on an almost daily basis | AAMA |
| Issues resulting from advances in medical technology | Bioethics |
| Code discusses nurses’ obligation to protect privacy, respect dignity of patient, maintain competence, and assume responsibility | American Nurses Association (ANA) |
| Examples of Bioethics | cloning, harvesting embryos, and in-vitro fertilization |
| Legal entity in United States Responsible for allocating organs for transplant | United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) |
| Publicly reporting a dangerous situation that is occuring in an institution or organization | Whistle blowing |
| Neither experimenter nor patient knows who is getting research treatment | double-blind test |
| the Human Genome Project is a research program by federal government Its purpose is to determine or “map” and sequence total number of genes | Human Genome Project |
| Genetic Engineering includes: | Cloning Gene therapy Human stem cell research |
| Needed gene spliced onto DNA of body cells to control production of particular substance Still in its infancy | Gene therapy |
| These specialized cells can grow into any cell or tissue in the body | Stem cells |
| injection of seminal fluid into vagina from husband or donor is known as: | Artificial insemination |
| Ovum and sperm cells combined outside woman’s body Cells grown in laboratory and later implanted into woman’s uterus | In-vitro fertilization |
| Drugs enhance ability to become pregnant Increases woman’s chance of having multiple births | Fertility Drugs |
| union of male sperm and female ovum | conception |
| Medically altering reproductive organs to terminate ability to produce offspring (Vasectomy/Bilateral tubal ligation) | Sterilization |
| Becoming most popular method of birth control in the United States | Volunatary Sterilization |
| Prevents ovulation or implantation of fertilized egg if taken with 72 hours No prescription required if ≥ 18 years-old | Plan B (morning after pill) |
| This type of abortion occurs naturally without any interference (miscarriage) | Sppontanous abortion |
| caused by artificial means (medications or surgical procedure) | Induced abortion |
| All newborns are required to be screened for this genetic disease because mental retardation is preventable if diet is started early | PKU (Phenylketonuria) |
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