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History 111-30 Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Minoan | The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC |
| Knossos | is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and probably the ceremonial and political centre of the Minoan civilization and culture. |
| Linear A | Linear A is one of two scripts used in ancient Crete before Mycenaean Greek Linear B. In Minoan times, before the Mycenaean Greek dominion, Linear A was the official script for the palaces and cults and Cretan Hieroglyphs were mainly used on seals. |
| Mycenae | Mycenae is an archaeological site in Greece, located about 90 km south-west of Athens, in Peloponnese. Argos is 11 km to the south; Corinth, 48 km to the north. From the hill on which the palace was located one can see across the Argolid to the Saronic gl |
| Linear B | Linear B is a syllabic script that was used 4 writing Mycenaean Greek, an early form of Greek. It pre-dated the Greek alphabet by several centuries 13th but perhaps as early as 17th century BC and seems to have died out with the fall of Mycenaean civ |
| Achaeans | Achaeans or Achaean refers to the inhabitants or characteristics of the people of Achaea in Greece |
| Troy | It is best known for being the focus of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. |
| Heinrich Schliemann | was a German businessman & archaeologist & an advocate Homer's historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer. He was an archaeological excavator |
| Hellespont | Hellespont literally "Sea of Helle", is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. Water flows in both directions along the strait |
| Dorian | The Dorians are almost always simply referenced as just "the Dorians", as they are in the earliest literary mention of them in Odyssey where they already can be found inhabiting the island of Crete. |
| Ionian | The Ionians (Greek: Ἴωνες, Íōnes, singular Ἴων, Íōn) were one of the four major tribes into which the Classical Greeks considered the population of Hellenes to have been divided (along with the Dorians, Aeolians and Achaeans |
| Greek Dark Ages | collapse of Bronze Age civilization in the eastern Mediterranean world at the outset of the period, as the great palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were destroyed or abandoned |
| Peloponneus | The Peloponnese, Peloponnesos or Peloponnesus (Greek: Πελοπόννησος, Pelopónnisos; see also List of Greek place names) is a large peninsula (technically an island since the 1893 construction of the Corinth Canal) and region in southern Greece |
| Hellenic | The Greeks (Greek: Έλληνες, [ˈelines], Ellenes), also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Hellenic communities established around the world |
| Homer | Homer (Ancient Greek: Ὅμηρος, Hómēros) in classical tradition is the ancient Greek epic poet, author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, the Homeric Hymns and other works. Homer's epics stand at the beginning of the western canon of literature, e |
| IIiad | The Iliad (sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an epic poem in dactylic hexameters, traditionally attributed to Homer. Set in the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of Ilium by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles a |
| Odyssey | The Odyssey (Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odysseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad, the other work traditionally ascribed to Homer. |
| arete | rete (Greek: ἀρετή; pronounced /ˈærətiː/ in English), in its basic sense, means excellence of any kind. In its earliest appearance in Greek, this notion of excellence was ultimately bound up with the notion of the fulfillment of purpose or function: the a |
| Polis | "polis" is normally used to indicate the ancient greek city-states |
| acropolis | Acropolis (Greek: Ακρόπολις) means "highest city" in Greek, literally city on the extremity and is usually translated into English as Citadel |
| agora | The Agora (Greek: Ἀγορά, Agorá) was an open "place of assembly" in ancient Greek city-states |
| oligarchy | The oligarchy (from Greek ὀλιγαρχία, oligarkhía[1]) is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people |
| Magna Gracecia | Magna Græcia (Latin meaning "Great Greece", Greek: Μεγάλη Ἑλλάς, Megálē Hellás) is the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek settlers; particularly the Achaean colonies of Tarentum, Crot |
| hoplite | A hoplite was a citizen-soldier of the Ancient Greek city-states. Hoplites were primarily armed as spear-men and fought in a phalanx formation |
| phalanx | Phalanx, from Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (finger) |
| Athens | Capital of Greece |
| archons | Archon (Gr. ἄρχων, pl. ἄρχοντες) is a Greek word that means "ruler" or "lord", frequently used as the title of a specific public office. |
| Solon | Athenian lawmaker&poet. remembered particularly for efforts to legislate against political, economic & moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy. |
| Pisitratus | Peisistratus was a tyrant of Athens. His legacy lies primarily in his institution of the Panathenaic Festival and the consequent first attempt at producing a definitive version for Homeric epics. |
| Cleisthenes | Cleisthenes (Greek: Κλεισθένης, also Clisthenes or Kleisthenes) was a noble Athenian of the Alcmaeonid family. He is credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508/7 BC.[1] |
| Ostracism | Ostracism (Greek: έξω-οστρακισμός - exo (out)-ostrakismos) was a procedure under the Athenian democracy in which any citizen could be expelled from the city-state of Athens for ten years |
| hetaerae | hetaerae (in Greek ἑταῖραι, hetairai) were courtesans, that is to say, sophisticated companions and prostitutes. |
| Sparta | Sparta (Doric Σπάρτα; Attic Σπάρτη Spartē) or Lacedaemon, was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the River Eurotas in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese.[1] It emerged as a political entity around the 10th century BC, wh |
| Lycurgus | Lycurgus was the legendary lawgiver of Sparta, established the military-oriented reform of Spartan society in accordance with the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. All his reforms were the three Spartan virtues: equality, military fitness, and austerity |
| Darius I | Darius I was the third "king of kings" (emperor) of the Achaemenid Empire. Darius held the empire at its peak, then including Egypt, Balochistan, and parts of Greece. |
| Marathon | was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon (the namesake of the race) to Athens. |
| Xerxes | was the fourth Zoroastrian king of kings of the Achamenid Empire. |
| Thermopylae | Thermopylae ("hot gateway") is a location in Greece where a narrow coastal passage existed in antiquity. It derives its name from several natural hot water springs. |
| salamis | is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about 1 nautical mile (2 km) off-coast from Piraeus and about 16 km west of Athens. |
| Delian League | an association of Greek city-states, members numbering between 150 to 173 under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Greco–Persian Wars. |
| Pericles | was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age He was descended, through his mother, from the powerful and historically influential Alcmaeonid family. |
| Peloponnesian War | The Peloponnesian War, 431 to 404 BC, was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. |
| Philip II | King of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III. |
| Macedonia | Is a geographical and historical region of Greece in southeastern Europe. Is the largest and second most populous Greek region. |
| Demothenes | was a prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide an insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. |
| Chaeronea | is a municipality in the Boeotia Prefecture, Greece. Population 2,218 (2001). It is located in the Kifisós River valley and NW of Thebes. It is the last city of historical Boeotia before the border with Phocis. |
| Hesiod | was a Greek oral poet *****and Homer have generally been considered the earliest Greek poets whose work has survived, and they are often paired |
| hubris | means extreme haughtiness or arrogance. Hubris often indicates being out of touch with reality and overestimating one's own competence or capabilities, especially for people in positions of power. |
| Zues | Great Greek God shoots lighting |
| Olympian Gods | in Greek mythology, were the principal gods of the Greek pantheon, residing atop Mount Olympus. The Twelve Olympians gained their supremacy in the world of gods after Zeus led his siblings to victory in war with the Titans |
| mystery cults | were religious cults of the Greco-Roman world, participation in which was reserved. This is a secret religion associated with the particulars of the initiation and the cult practice, which may not be revealed to outsiders. |
| philosophia | is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[1][2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach a |
| Thales of Miletus | was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor, and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regard him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition. |
| Democritus | was an Ancient Greek philosopher born in Abdera, Thrace, Greece. He was an influential pre-Socratic philosopher and pupil of Leucippus, who formulated an atomic theory for the cosmos |
| Phythagoras | was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. |
| Sophists | had the meaning "wise" or "wisdom" since the time of the poet Homer and originally was used to describe anyone with expertise in a specific domain of knowledge or craft. |
| Socrates | was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon |
| Plato | was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. hlped to lay the fdations of Western phlsphy & sci |
| Republic | Government |
| Academy | School of trade ancient greece |
| Aristotle | was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology |
| Lyceum | Greek High School |
| Hippocrates | was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Athens), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is referred to as the father of Western medicine[ |
| Herodotus | was an ancient Greek historian been called the "Father of History" since he was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative |
| Thucydides | greek historian as been dubbed the father of "scientific history" because of his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis in terms of cause and effect without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work |
| Aeschylus | was the first of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose work has survived, the others being Sophocles and Euripides, and is often recognized as the father of tragedy |
| Sophocles | was the second of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose work has survived. |
| Euripides | was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens |
| Aristophanes | son of Philippus, of the deme Cydathenaus,[2] was a prolific and much acclaimed comic playwright of ancient Athens. |
| Parthenon | Greek Theater |
| Praxiteles | was the most renowned of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue. |
| Alexander the Great | was a king of Macedon or Macedoniaby the age of 30 was the creator of 1 of the largest empires in ancient history, stretching from the Ionian sea to the Himalaya. He was undefeated in battle |
| Gaugamela | battle between Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia. The battle, which is also called the Battle of Arbela, resulted in a massive victory for the Ancient Macedonians and led to the fall of the Achaemenid Empire. |
| Ptolemy | was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek.[1] He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet (of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology).[2][3] He lived in Egypt under Roman rule |
| Seleucus | established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire. His kingdom would be one of the last holdouts of Alexander's former empire to Roman rule. They were only outlived by the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt by roughly 34 years. |
| Antigonus | was a Macedonian nobleman, general, and satrap under Alexander the Great. He served under Philip II, and he was a major figure in the Wars of the Diadochi after Alexander's death, declaring himself king in 306 BC and establishing the Antigonid dynasty. |
| skeptics | is loosely used to denote any questioning attitude or some degree of doubt regarding claims that are elsewhere taken for granted |
| Cynics | a greek philosophy was that the purpose of life was to live a life of Virtue in agreement with Nature. This meant rejecting all conventional desires for wealth, power, health, and fame, and by living a simple life free from all possessions. |
| Diogenes | was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy |
| Epicurus | was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written works. |
| Zeno | Greek name derived from the more ancient variant Zenon which refers to philosophers |
| Stoic | was a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium they considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a sage, or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not suffer such emotions |
| Alexandria | was founded around a small pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It remained Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years, |
| Eratosthenes | was a Greek mathematician, elegiac poet, athlete, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. Was the 1st person to use the word "geography" and invented the discipline of geography as we understand it. Invented a system of latitude and longitude. |
| Archimedes | Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης; c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity |
| Laocoon | is a Trojan priest of Poseidon or Neptune whose rules he had defied, either by marrying and having sons,[3] or by having committed an impiety by making love with his wife in the presence of a cult image in a sanctuary |
| Virgil | was a classical Roman poet, best known for three major works—the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the Aeneid—although several minor poems are also attributed to him. Virgil came to be regarded as one of Rome's greatest poets |
| Latins | "Latins" can refer to several groups of people. The original Latins were an Italian tribe inhabiting central and south-central Italy. Through population expansion and conquest by their most populous city-state, Rome, the original Latins |
| Etruscans | civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany. The ancient Romans called its creators the Tusci or Etrusci. Roman name is the origin of the terms Tuscany, which refers to their heartland, and Etruria |
| Romulus | Rome's twin founders in its traditional foundation myth |
| Forum | was the public space in the middle of a Roman city. |
| Imperium | a Latin word which, in a broad sense, translates as 'power'. In ancient Rome the concept applied to people and meant something like 'power status' or 'authority |
| Fasces | Bundle of white birch rods,They were carried by the lictors who accompanied the magistrates. The axe often represents the power over life or death through the death penalty, although after the laws of the twelve tables used is protests |
| Patricians | originally referred to a group of elite families in ancient Rome, including both their natural and adopted members. In the late Roman Empire, the class was broadened to include high council officials, and after the fall of the Western Empire it remained a |
| Tarquin the Proud | was the legendary seventh and final King of Rome, was a member of the so-called Etruscan dynasty of Rome. According to Classical historians, he gained the kingship by ordering the assassination of his predecessor, Servius Tullius. |
| Consuls | was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire. |
| Dictator | is a ruler who assumes sole and absolute power (sometimes but not always with military control) but without hereditary ascension such as an absolute monarchy |
| Tribunes | was a title shared by elected officials in the Roman Republic. Had the power to convene the Plebeian Council and to act as its president, which also gave them the right to propose legislation before it. |
| Veto | way of enabling the tribunes to protect the interests of the plebs (common citizenry) from the encroachments of the patricians, who dominated the Senate. |
| plebiscites | passing a bill or law |
| Code of the Twelve Tables | 1st written law |
| Consilium Plebis | was the principal popular assembly of the ancient Roman Republic. It functioned as a legislative assembly |
| Legion | basic ancient Roman army unit recruited specifically from Roman citizens. |
| Pyrrhus of Epirus | general & statesman during Hellenistic era. Was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians & of royal Aeacid house, & later became King of Epirus & Macedon Was 1 of the strongest opponents of early Rome. His battles, though successful, cost him heavy losses, |
| Punic Wars | were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BC.[1] At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place |
| Hannibal | as a Carthaginian military commander and tactician who is popularly credited as one of the most talented commanders in history. His father, Hamilcar Barca, was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War |
| Cannae | an ancient village of the Apulia region of south east Italy. rimarily known for the Battle of Cannae, in which the numerically superior Roman army suffered a disastrous defeat by Hannibal in 216 BC |
| Scipio | a branch of the Cornelii family. Any male of the branch must be named Cornelius Scipio and a female Cornelia. The nomen, Cornelius, signifies that the person belongs to the Cornelia gens, a legally defined clan composed of many familiae. |
| zama | site of the Battle of Zama between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic. The Romans won the battle, thus ending the Second Punic War. It was the only defeat of Hannibal, who was defeated by Publius Cornelius Scipio. A Roman city was built there a few |
| Proletariat | is a term used to identify a lower social class, usually the working class |
| Latifundia | are pieces of property covering very large land areas. Considered in Roman history as great landed estates |
| Tiberius Gracchus | was a Roman politician of the 2nd century BC and brother of Gaius Gracchus. As a plebeian tribune, his reforms of agrarian legislation caused political turmoil in the Republic |
| Gauis Gracchus | was a Roman politician in the 2nd century BC and brother of the ill-fated reformer Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus. He formed reformative policies whilst in office prompted a constitutional crisis and his death at the hands of the Roman Senate in 121 |
| Gauis Marius | was a Roman general and statesman. Was elected consul an unprecedented 7 times during his career. Noted for his dramatic reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens he significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire |
| Cornelius Sulla | was a Roman general and statesman. He had the rare distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as that of dictator |
| Pompey | was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. He came from a wealthy Italian provincial background, and established himself in the ranks of Roman nobility by successful leadership in several campaigns |
| Julius Caesar | was a Roman general and statesman. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire |
| Octavian | is considered the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.[note 1] Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC via his last will |
| Marc Antony | was a Roman politician and general. He was an important supporter and the loyal friend of Gaius Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, despite his blood ties, through his mother Julia, to the branch of Caesars opposed to the Marians and |
| Cleopatra | was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.She was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a Greek royal family which ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's death during the Hellenistic period. |
| Actium | was the ancient name of a promontory of western Greece in northwestern Acarnania, at the mouth of the Sinus Ambracius |
| Pax Romana | was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. Since it was established by Caesar Augustus it is sometimes called Pax Augusta |
| Imperator | was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. It later went on to become a part of the lititulature of the Roman Emperors as part of their cognomen |
| Princeps | is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person |
| Nero | He was the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor. He succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death. |
| Marcus Aurelius | was Roman Emperor He ruled with Lucius Verus as co-emperor from 161 until Verus' death in 169. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers |
| Sadducees | were a sect or group of Jews that were active in Ancient Israel during the Second Temple period, starting from the 2nd century BC through the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD. |
| Judas Maccabeus | was a Kohen and a son of the Jewish priest Mattathias. He led the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire (167-160 BCE) and is acclaimed as one of the greatest warriors in Jewish history alongside Joshua, Gideon and David. |
| Herod the Great | was described as "a madman who murdered his own family and a great many rabbis. |
| Pontius Pilate | according to most colloquial standards was the fifth Prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from He is best known as the judge at Jesus' trial and the man who authorized the Crucifixion of Jesus. |
| Jesus | christ, god, the almighty |
| Pharisees | were at various times a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews during the Second Temple period under the Hasmonean dynasty |
| St. Paul of Tarsus | was a zealous Jew, who persecuted the early followers of Jesus Christ before converting to Christianity and having a profound influence on the early Christian Church. |
| presbyters | refers to a leader in local Christian congregations, then a synonym of episkopos (which has now come to mean bishop) |
| bishops | an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. |
| Diocese | is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes |
| Archbishop | is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest (presbyter) and bishop |
| Patriarchate | is the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch |
| Leo I | was Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 457 to 474. A native of Dacia,[1] he was known as Magnus Thrax[citation needed] - the "Great Thracian" - by his supporters, and Macellus[citation needed] ("the Butcher") by his enemies |
| Petrine Theory | is based upon Catholic tradition, which proclaims the legitimacy and supremacy of the Pope over all other bishops of the Catholic Church. |
| Heresy | a controversial or novel change to a system of beliefs, especially a religion, that conflicts with established dogma |
| Arius | as a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, Egypt. His teachings about the nature of the Godhead, which emphasized the Father's Divinity over the Son, and his opposition to the Athanasian or Trinitarian Christology, made him a controversial figure |
| Council of Nicaea | was a council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia (present-day İznik in Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I The Council was the first effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom.[ |
| St. Jerome | was an Illyrian Catholic priest and apologist. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia. He is best known for his translation of the Bible into Latin and his list of writings is extensive. |
| St. Augustine of Hippo | he was a Latin-speaking philosopher and theologian who lived in the Roman Africa Province. His writings were very influential in the development of Western Christianity |
| St. Benedict | is a Christian saint, honored by the Roman Catholic Church as the patron saint of Europe and students. |
| Monasticism | is a religious way of life characterized by the practice of renouncing worldly pursuits to fully devote one's self to spiritual work. |
| Constantine | was Roman Emperor Well known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, Constantine reversed the persecutions of his predecessor, Diocletian, and issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance to christians |
| Edict of Milan | was a letter signed by emperors Constantine I and Licinius that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. The letter was issued in AD 313, shortly after the conclusion of the Diocletianic Persecution |
| Julian the Apostate | was Roman Emperor A member of the Constantinian dynasty, was made Caesar by Constantius II took command of the western provinces. During his reign he campaigned successfully against the Alamanni and Franks. |
| Theodosius I | commonly known as Theodosius I or Theodosius the Great, was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. During his reign |
| Hypatia | was a Greek scholar from Alexandria, Egypt, considered the first notable woman in mathematics, who also taught philosophy and astronomy.[6] She lived in Roman Egypt, & was killed by a Christian mob who accused her of causing religious turmoil. |
| Comitatus | was a Germanic friendship structure that compelled kings to rule in consultation with their warriors. The comitatus, as described in the Roman historian Tacitus's treatise Germania |
| Commodus | was Roman Emperor from 180 to 192. He also ruled as co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. His name changed throughout his reign "born in purple" |
| coloni | was a type of Roman peasant farmer, a serf. This designation was carried into the Medieval period for much of Europe. Coloni worked on large Roman estates called "latifundia" and could never leave. |
| Diocletian | commonly known as Diocletian, was a Roman Emp. raised Illyrian family of low status in Roman province Dalmatia, He rose the ranks of the military became cavalry commander to emp. Carus. After deaths of Carus&son Numerian on war in Persia, He was made emp |
| Constantinople | was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city. |
| Comitatus | Latin for company, armed group |
| Huns | were a group of nomadic people who, appearing from east of the Volga, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and built up an enormous empire in Europe. |
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