Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
World Civ Terms
World Civ Midterm Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tabula rasa | "Blank Tablet" William Locke; At birth all humans minds are a blank slate on which the environment writes the individual's understanding and beliefs. |
| Public sphere | An idealized intellectual environment that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment, where members of society came together as individuals to discuss issues relevant to the society; and politics of the day. |
| Empiricism | Greek system of philosophy founded on the teachings of Epicurus, which emphasized that a life of contentment, free from fear and suffering, was the greatest good. |
| Philosophes | Intellectuals in France who proclaimed that they were bringing the light if knowledge and reason to their fellow creatures in thee Age of Enlightenment |
| General will | A political concept, first set forth by Jean Jacques Rousseau, that refers to the collective desires of the citizenry as opposed to individual interests. |
| Tuareg | Along with the Moors, these warriors controlled the north-south trade in salt. |
| Sorting | A collection or batch of British goods that would be raded for a slave or for a quantity of gold, ivory, or dyewood. |
| Age-Grade Systems | Among the societies of Senegambia, groups of men and women whom the society initiated into adulthood at the same time. |
| Devshirme | Process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to become slaves. |
| Janissaries | Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps. |
| Jitza | A tax on non-Muslims. |
| Capitulations | A series of agreements that basically surrendered the rights of one party. The Ottoman governments signed these with European powers and gave them a stranglehold on Ottoman trade and commerce. |
| Mughal | A term meaning "Mongol," used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, although its founders were primarily Turks, Afghans, and Persians. |
| Concubine | A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs. |
| Ottomans | Ruling house of the Turkish empire; lasted form 1453-1918. |
| Daimyo | Regional lords in Japan; many had built their power by seizing what they needed and promoting irrigation and trade to raise revenues. |
| Kowtow | The ritual of kneeling on both knees and bowing one's head to the ground, preformed by children to their parents and by subjects to the Chinese ruler. |
| Banners | Units of the Qing army, composed of soldiers, their families, and slaves. |
| Civil service examinations | Highly competitive series of tests held at the prefecture, province, and then capital to select men to become officials. |
| Desacralization | The removal (during the reign of Louis XV and Louis XVI) of the divine sanction that had undergirded the absolutism of Louis XIV. |
| Jacobin club | In revolutionary France, a political club whose members were a radical republican group. |
| Sans-culottes | The name for the laboring poor of Paris, so called because the me wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the aristocracy and middle class; it came to refer to the militant radicals of the city. |
| Nationalism | Patriotic dedication to a national state and mission; it was a decisive element in the French republic's victory. |
| Thermidorian reaction | The period after the execution of Robespierre in 1794; it was a reaction to the violence of the Reign if Terror. |
| Reign of terror | The period from 1793-1794, during which Robespierre used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front of France. Some 40,000 French men and women were killed during this period. |
| Estates General | A legislative body in pre-revolutionary France made up of representatives of each of the three classes, or estates; t was called into session in 1789 for the first time cince 1614. |
| National Assembly | The first French revolutionary legislature, a constituent assembly made up primarily of representatives if the third estate and a few nobles and clergy who joined them, in session from 1789-1791. |
| Open-field system | A system of village farming developed by pesants here the land was divided into several large fields, which was in turn cut into strips. |
| Enclosure | The enclosing of the individual shares of the pastures as a way of farming more effectively. |
| Proletarianization | The transformation of large numbers of small pesant farmers into landless rural wage earners. |
| Mercantilism | The prevailing economic theory of European Nationalists int the 16th & 17th centuries. Remained dominant until the Industrial Revolution and articulation of the theory of laissez faire. |
| Coke | A form of coal that was unlimited in supply and therefor easier and better to use. |
| Iron law of wages | The rule that because of the pressure of population growth, wages would always sink to subsistence level, meaning that wages would be just high enough to keep workers from starving. |
| Luddites | Followers of Ned Ludd; a social movement in protest against the industrial revolution that began in Northern England in 1812. These handicraft workers attacked the new machines brought in by factory owners, which they believed were taking their jobs. |
| Water Frame | Invented by Richard Arkwright, this machine used waterpower to spin coarse, strong thread in factories. |
| Common Rights | The shared use of agricultural land; it was abolished with the enclosure movement. |
| Laissez Faire | Economic liberalism that believes in unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy. |
| Bourgeoisie | A term for well educated, prosperous middle-class groups. |
| Modernization | The changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading counties of a given time. |
| Benthamite | Followers of the radical philosopher Jeremy Bentham, they believed in the "greatest good for the greatest number." |
| Kulturkampf | Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church within Germany, also known as the "struggle for civilization." |
| Dreyfus Affair | A divisive case in which a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason. |
| Zionism | The movement toward Jewish political nationhood started by Theodor Herzl. |
| Revisionism | An effort by various socialists to update Marxian doctrines to reflect the realities of the time. |
| Migration chain | The movement of peoples in which one strong individual would blaze the way and others would follow. |
| Tanzimat | Radical reforms to the Ottoman Empire that were designed to remake the empire on a western European model. |
| Afrikaners | The descendants of the Dutch in the Cape Colony. |
| Lopsided World | A world of rich lands and poor lands and global inequality. |
| Traditionalists | Those native to a colony who focused on preserving their traditional culture against imperialists at all costs. |
| Jihads | Religious wars waged by Muslim scholars and religious leaders against both animist rulers and Islamic states that they deemed corrupt. |
Created by:
glassc
Popular World History sets