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LymphaticImmuneSystm
Lymphatic and Immune Systems for Massage
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lymph fluid | fluid that enters the lymphatic vessels |
| Lymph capillaries | smallest microscopic lymph vessels. walls are squamous epithelium to readily allow fluid to enter |
| Right lymphatic duct | bring lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains into the right subclavian vein |
| Thoracic duct | brings lymph from the upper-left quadrant and lower extremities of the body and drains into the left subclavian vein |
| Cisterna Chyli | sac-like enlargement on the inferior portion of the thoracic duct. (lymph and fat are referred to as Chyle) |
| Lacteals | small specialized lymph vessels in the villi of the small intestine, carry chyle (lymph and fat) |
| Lymphoid organs | organs that help remove impurities and process lymphocytes |
| Lymph nodes | patches of lymphoid tissue that contain high amounts of phagocytes and produce lymphocytes; usually occur in clusters |
| Spleen | functions of this organ: Filtering blood, producing red blood cells before birth, destroying old red blood cells, reservoir for blood storage in case of hemorrhage |
| Tonsils | three pairs of lymphoid organs found in the pharynx; help fight infection and filter blood. |
| Pharyngeal tonsils | tonsils located just below the nasopharynx |
| Palatine tonsils | tonsils visible on the walls of the oropharynx when looking into the mouth |
| Lingual tonsils | located on the posterior aspect of the tongue |
| Thymus | lymphoid organ found in the mediastinum above the heart. Thymosin, a hormone that converts white blood cells into T lymphocytes, which are essential in activating the immune system. |
| Nonspecific immunity | defenses of the body that do not discriminate between one threat and another |
| Physical barriers | nonspecific immunity including skin, hair, mucus, earwax, tears, and sweat. |
| Phagocytes | includes mobile and free macrophages |
| Reflexes | nonspecific immunity including coughing sneezing vomiting, diarrhea, and fever |
| Interferon | nonspecific immunity that interferes with virus replication |
| Normal flora | nonspecific immunity, the normal population of bacteria that inhabit the skin and GI tract, preventing harmful bacteria from residing and multiplying in the body. |
| Specific immunity | immunity produced by lymphatic tissue and immune cells; results from exposure to a specific antigen from a foreign cell. |
| Antibodies (immunoglobulins) | attach to a specific antigen; bind similar cells together, which prepares cells for phagocytosis |
| T lymphocytes (T cells) | specialized which blood cells that originate from the thymus; responsible for activating and regulating the immune response. |
| T helper cells | cells responsible for identifying an antigen as foreign and initiating defense mechanisms |
| T cytotoxic cells | cells capable of directly identifying a foreign antigen on the surface of a cell, binding to it, and destroying the cell. |
| B cells | specialized lymphocytes responsible for identifying a foreign antigen and differentiating into plasma cells to produce antibodies for the antigen. |
| Memory cells | B cells that remain in the body for years after the first exposure to an antigen to provide protection in the event of a subsequent exposure. |
| Inborn immunity | immunity dependent on species, race, and individuality. |
| Acquired immunity | immunity that develops after exposure to foreign antigen. |
| Active naturally acquired immunity | immunity acquired by actual exposure to the foreign antigen by natural means |
| Passive naturally acquired immunity | immunity from antibodies inherited from the mother through the placenta or through breast milk. |
| Active artificially acquired immunity | immunity developed after inoculation of a foreign antigen in a vaccine or in a killed or attenuated toxoid. |
| Passive artificially acquired immunity | immunity from antibodies taken from one individual and given to another |
Created by:
mmajorow
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