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Chapter 13 D
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diabetes Mellitus | Disorder of pancreas where there is failure to produce an adequate amount of insulin classic characteristic is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)type 1 insulin depensent |
| Ketones | waste products released by breaking down fats and proteins |
| glycosuria | sugar in urine |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | excessive urine output |
| polyphagia | increased eating |
| pruritis | itching |
| Bolus dose | greatest amount of insulin during greatest need 4 daily Novalog-fast acting and lantus long acting |
| basal dose | once daily provides steady control of blood sugar level throughout day and night |
| insulin pump | small mechanical device about the size of a pager worn on body administers 24 hrs a day |
| basal rate | amount of insulin/hour X 24 hours a day |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Disorder of pancreas where there is failure to produce an adequate amount of insulin classic characteristic is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)type 1 insulin depensent |
| Ketones | waste products released by breaking down fats and proteins |
| glycosuria | sugar in urine |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | excessive urine output |
| polyphagia | increased eating |
| pruritis | itching |
| Bolus dose | greatest amount of insulin during greatest need 4 daily Novalog-fast acting and lantus long acting |
| basal dose | once daily provides steady control of blood sugar level throughout day and night |
| insulin pump | small mechanical device about the size of a pager worn on body administers 24 hrs a day |
| basal rate | amount of insulin/hour X 24 hours a day |
| glycohemoglobin | test that determines overall effectiveness of plan for blood glucose control average glucose levels for 3 months |
| insulin shock | drastic dorp in blood sugar level |
| diabetic retinopathy | leading cause of blindness capillaries of retina experience localized areas of bulging(microaneurysms), hemorrhages,leakage,scarring |
| Diabetiv neuropathy | involvement of nervous system |
| pancreatic cancer | life threatening primary malignant neoplasm found in the heas of the pancreas |
| chronic pancreatitis | permanent, progressive destruction of pancreatic cells |
| fasting blood sugar | blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the patient had been without food or drink since midnight |
| glucose tolerance test | evaluates person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose by measuring glucose levels |
| hemoglobin A1c test( HgbA1c) | blood test that shows average level of glucose in blood during the past 3 months |
| radioactive iodine uptake test | evaluates function of thyroid by administering a known amount of radioactive iodine and later placing a gama ray detector over the thyroid gland to determine absorption by the gland increased uptake of iodine |
| serum glucose tes | measures amount of glucose in blood at time sample was drawn |
| thyroid Echogram | ultrasound examination of thyroid to disinguish thyroid nodules from cystic nodules |
| thyroid Function test | test that measures blood levels of thyroid hormones |
| thyroid scan | examination that determines position,size,shape, and physiological function of thyroid gland |
| hot | functioning |
| cold | nonfunctioning |
| thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) blood test | measures concentration of TSH in the blood |
| Endocrine System | Network of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into blood stream not ducts like a sweat or oil gland |
| Infundibulum | stalk like projection that connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus |
| Growth hormone(somatotropic STH) | regulates growth |
| Adenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) | stimulates normal growth and development of adrenal cortex and secretes corticosteroids- cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone |
| Thyroid | Stimulating hormone(TSH)- normal growth and development of thyroid and secretes thyroid hormones |
| Lactogenic hormone(LTH)(prolactin) | development of breasts during pregnancy secretion of milk |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) | secretion of estrogen and production of eggs in female and sperm in male |
| Luteinizing hormone(LH) | ovulation and secretion of testosterone in male |
| Melanocyte | stimulating hormone(MSH)- controls intensity of pigmentation |
| Antidieuretic hormone(ADH)(vasopressin) | decreases excretion of large amounts of urine from body maintain water balance |
| Oxytocin-(OT) | contractions of uterus during child birth and releases milk from breast feeding women |
| Pineal gland | tiny pine cone shaped gland- secretes melatonin part of support of biological clock |
| Isthmus | narrow island shaped piece that connects thyroid across front of trachea |
| Triiodothyronine(T3) | growth and development, metabolism,body temp |
| Thyroxine(T4)- | Thyroxine(T4)- |
| Calcitonin | regulates level of calcium in blood |
| Hypocalcemia | calcium levels too low |
| Hypercalcemia | calcium levels too high |
| Thymus | single gland located mediastinum large in fetus and infants shrinks with age increase secretes hormones into blood stream role in development of immune system secrete Thymosin thymopoitin |
| Thymosin | stimulate production of T-cells for immunity |
| Thymopoietin | produces T-cells |
| Mineralocorticoids | regulates hoe mineral salts(electrolytes) are processed in body primary hoemone secreted is aldosterone aldosterone which regulates fluid and electrolyte balance |
| Glucocordicoids | metabolism of carbohydrates,fat,proteins,maintain normal blood pressure,anti inflammatory,increase glucose for skeletal muscles main 1 is cortisol |
| Gonadocorticoids | sex hormones released from adrenal cortex |
| Epinephrine(adrenaline) | increases heart rate, dilates bronchioles, decreases peristalsis or wavelike movement in intestines and raises blood sugar sympathomimetic agent- role in reaction to stress |
| Norepinephrine-(nonadrenaline)- | raises blood pressure also has role in reaction to stress |
| Glucagon | increases blood glucose levels converts |
| Insulin | secreted in response to increased levels of glucose |
| Ovaries | female sex glands or gonads almond shaped held in place by ligaments produce ova and release during ovulation normal female growth and development and pregnancy maintenance produce estrogen and progesterone |
| Fimbriated | fringed |
| Estrogen | maturation of egg and stimulates vascularixation of uterine lining each month to prepare for implantation of fertilized egg changes in body with onset of puberty |
| Progesterone | changes within uterus |
| Testes | male gonads or testicles- produce sperm, maturation of sperm, secrete androgens, produce testosterone which is responsible for changes in male with onset of puberty |
| Adrenocortical | pertaining to cortex of adrenal glands |
| Aldosterone | hormone secreted by adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance in blood |
| Androgen | steroid hormone in males |
| Antidiuretic | suppression of urine production |
| Cortex | outer region of organ or structure |
| Cortisol | steroid hormone |
| Cretinism | congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion- dwarfism, slowed mental development,puffy face, dry skin,large tongue |
| Dwarfism | abnormal underdevelopment of body under secretion of growth hormone |
| Endocrine gland | ductless glad that produces hormones that are secreted directly into blood stream |
| Euthroid | pertaining to normally functioning thyroid gland |
| Exocrine gland | gland that opens onto surface of skin |
| Exophthalmia | outward protrusion of eyeballs |
| Giantism | excessive size and height too much growth hormone |
| Glucogenesis | formation of glycagon from fatty acids and proteins |
| Glucose | simplest form of sugar |
| Glycogenesis | glucose to glycogen |
| Glycosuria | sugar in urine |
| Goiter | enlargement of thyroid due to excessive growth(hyperplasia) |
| Graves disease | hyperthyroidism |
| Hisutism | excessive hair in male distribution pattern |
| Hypergonadism | excessive activity of ovaries and testes hyperinsulism-too much insulin |
| Hyperkalemia | elevated blood potassium level |
| Hypernatremia | elevated blood sodium level |
| Hypokalemia | less than normal blood potassium level |
| Hypophysectomy | surgical removal of pituitary gland |
| Insulin shock | state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar |
| Medulla | internal part of structure or organ |
| Metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical processes of body |
| Myxedema | most severe form of hypothyroidism |
| Polyphagia | excessive eating |
| Polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| Progesterone | female hormone secreted by ovaries changes in endometrium |
| Somatotropic hormone | growth hormone |
| Syndrome | group of symptoms occuring together |
| T-cells | specialized lymphocytes involved in immune response |
| Tetany | severe cramping and twitching of muscles and sharp flexion of wrist and ankle joints |
| Virilism | masculine traits in female |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | common form of hyperthyroidism |
| Thyrotoxicosis | acute sometimes fatal incident of over activity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone |
| Tetany | continual contraction of muscles |
| Addison’s disease | Addison’s disease |
| Conn’s disease(primary aldosteronism) | excessive amounts of aldosterone |
| Hypervolemia | increased volume of blood |
| Cushing’s syndrome | condition of adrenal gland in which cluster of symptoms occur as result of excessive amounts of cortisol |
| Pheochromocytoma | vascular tumor of adrenal medulla that produces extra epinephrine and |
| norepinephrine | leasing to hypertension and heart palpitations |
Created by:
drw5
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