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grotonglobalch5
chapter 5 Greece
| term or name | details |
|---|---|
| Mycenaeans | earliest civ in Greece on island of Crete |
| Agamemnon | famous king of Mycenaeans |
| Dark Age | time of little info about Greeks |
| epic poem | long poetic story usually about heroes, war, love, and gods |
| Illiad | epic poem about the Trojan War |
| Odyssey | epic poem about a warrior, Odysses trying to get home after the Trojan War |
| Homer | believed to have written the Illiad and Odyssey |
| acropolis | elevated center of Greek city-states with important buildings/temples on it |
| agora | open area for meetings or sale of goods |
| hoplites | skilled armed warriors |
| tyrant | cruel rulers of Greek city-states, usually overthrown |
| oligarchy | city-states often had the rule of a few for a time |
| Sparta | famous military based city-state on Peloponnesius |
| Athens | art and education based city-state on Attica plain |
| ephors | 5 elder men who advised kings in Sparta |
| archons | 9 elder men who advised gov't in Athens |
| Parthenon | beautiful and most famous temple to Athena in Athens |
| aristrocrat | rich noble with political power |
| marathon | runner from here to Athens-26+mi. to tell of Greek victory over Persians before dying |
| Darius | first Persian king who tried to conquer Greece and failed |
| Xerxes | son of Darius tried to conquer Greeks to avenge Dad and restore reputation of Persian Empire-lost |
| Thucydides | Athenian general from Pelopennesian War became a great historian who's work tells us of great Greek wars and events after he was exiled for losing |
| phalanx | fighting wedge of warriors with shields, divides enemies and effective tactic |
| Pericles | great Athenian gov't leader who expanded democracy and insisted that citizens participate in their gov't |
| Peloponnesian War | over 10 years of fighting between Athens and Sparta and their allies-Sparta won |
| polytheism | Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses in human form with superhuman powers |
| Zeus | head of Greek gods--thunder and sky |
| Posiden | ruler of the seas |
| Hades | ruled the underworld of the dead |
| Athena | goddess of wisdom and war |
| Ares | god of war and Sparta |
| Artemus | goddess of the hunt |
| Hera | goddess of hearth and home and wife of Zeus |
| Ahprodite | goddess of love |
| Mt. Olympus | highest point in Greece, believed gods lived there |
| polis | name for city |
| Olympics | athletic games between city-states meant to please the gods |
| column | unique feature of Greek architecture-doric, ionic, and corinthian |
| trilogy | series of 3 plays performed on same night |
| comedy and tragedy | funny or serious Greek plays |
| philosophy | organized way of thinking about life and truth taught in schools - |
| Socrates | famous philospher taught youth to question authority and debate/discuss to learn |
| Plato | one of Socrates best students wrote "The Republic" expressing concerns about faults with democracyand started a school |
| Alexander the Great | famous Macedonian king who conquered Greece and much of the world to spread Greek culture |
| Hippocrates | famous Greek doctor who defined medical ethics and oaths still used today! |
| Hellenistic | time of Alex the Greats rule and spreading of Greek culture in world |
| Archimedes | famous mathematician and scientist from Syracuse,discovered gravity, geometry of spheres,levers and weapons of war |
| Aristotle | famous pupil of Plato who taught Alexander the Great to love Greek ideas and culture |
| Epicureanism | new philosophy that people should pursue happiness and freedom |
| Stoicism | replaced Epicureanism be close to god to be happy and bear lifes hardships with self control be a good citizen |
| Mediterranean Sea | largest sea below Greece and Crete |
| Agean Sea | sea to east of Greece |
| irregular | describes the coastline of Greece full of ports and harbors |
| isthmus | narrow strip of land conncecting small piece to another piece |
| peninsula | large piece of land surrounded by water on 3 sides |
| cape | baby peninsula |
| port | water opening in a piece of land where ships may dock |
| trireme | type of boat Greeks built |
| Pintus Mts | large range on west coast of Greece |
| olives and wine | main agricultural products of Greece |
| Thermistocles | Brilliant Athenian naval commander and strategist who drove Persians out of Greece |
| Leonidas | Spartan warrior king and hero of Thermopolae who held the Persians for 3 days to give Greece time to regroup to fight the Persians |
| lamillar | Spartan armor like ancient kevlar it was so good |
| hoplon | term for Spartan shield |
| dory | Spartan spear weighted on both sides with iron tips |
| xiphos | term for short Spartan sword for close combat |
| immortals | term for elite Persian warriors |
Created by:
corides
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