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CardiovascularSystm
Cardiovascular System for Massage
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood Plasma | liquid portion of unclotted blood |
| Plasma proteins | albumins(help regulate blood pressure), globulins(help with transport & immunity), fibrinogen(assists in blood clotting) |
| Blood Serum | liquid portion of clotted blood |
| Formed elements | blood cells & platelets carried by the plasma |
| Erythrocytes(red blood cells) | biconcave, disk-shaped cells that do not contain nuclei; 40%-50% of whole blood |
| Hemoglobin | oxygen carrying molecule in erythrocytes made from iron |
| Leukocytes(white blood cells) | cells in the blood and lymph systems responsible for the body's defenses, contain nuclei |
| Thrombocytes(platelets) | cell fragments without nuclei that assist in blood clotting. |
| Hemostasis | three step process of blood clotting |
| Muscle contraction(clotting) | portion of the blood clotting process where a muscle of the blood vessel constricts when damaged |
| Platelet plug formation | portion of hemostasis where platelets become sticky and bind together with other platelets, blood cells, and the walls of the vessels |
| Blood clot formation | portion of hemostasis where prothrombin is converted to thrombin, fibrogen is converted to fibrin, and the fibrin threads form the clot. |
| Antigen | a protein bound to the surface of a cell, gives the cell identity, examples include A, B, Rh, M, N |
| Antibody (immunoglobulin) | attaches to a specific antigen on a cell, binds cells with similar cells, which prepares the cells for phagocytosis |
| Blood transfusion | infusion of red blood cells into a living body; requires blood typing |
| Endocardium | inner layer of the heart composed of epithelial & connective tissue |
| Myocardium | thick muscular layer in the middle of the heart |
| Epicardium | outer covering or membrane around the heart, mostly connective tissue |
| Pericardium | loose fitting sac around the heart; serous membranes |
| Interatrial septum | partition between the two atria |
| Interventricular septum | partition between the two ventricles |
| Atrioventricular valves | valves that separate the atria and ventricles |
| Tricuspid valve | valve that separates the right atrium & right ventricle |
| Bicuspid valve | valve that separates the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| Semilunar valves | valves that separate the ventricles from the attaching blood vessels |
| Pulmonary semilunar valve | valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk |
| Aortic semilunar valve | valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta |
| Cardiac cycle | cycle involving periods of systole(contraction) and diastole(relaxation) to fill and empty the chambers of the heart |
| Conduction pathway of the heart | specialized strands of cardiac muscle that coordinate the rhythmic contractions of the heart |
| Sinoatrial node | pacemaker of the heart, in the posterior wall of the right atrium |
| Atrioventricular node | relay point for impulses coming from the SA node situated toward the bottom of the interatrial septum |
| Atrioventricular bundle | Short bundle of fibers at the top of the interventricular septum that relay the nervous impulse from the av node to both ventricles |
| Bundle branches | two branches that extend from the av bundle and bring the impulse down the interventricular septum. |
| Purkinje fibers | small fibers at the ends of the bundle branches that connect to and stimulate the myocardium contractions |
| Cardiac output | volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute (stroke volume x heart rate) |
| Stroke volume | volume of blood pumped out the left ventricle when it contracts |
| Heart rate | number of time the ventricles contract per minute. |
| __-> Right atrium ->__ | blood flow from body -> ___ Tricuspid valve |
| __-> Tricuspid valve ->__ | blood flow from right atrium -> ___ -> right ventricle |
| __-> Right ventricle ->__ | blood flow from tricuspid valve -> ___ -> Pulmonary semilunar valve |
| __-> Pulmonary semilunar valve ->__ | blood flow from right ventricle -> ___ -> pulmonary trunk |
| __-> Pulmonary trunk ->__ | blood flow from Pulmonary semilunar valve -> ___ -> Pulmonary arteries |
| __-> Pulmonary arteries ->__ | blood flow from Pulmonary trunk -> ___ -> Lungs |
| __-> Lungs ->__ | blood flow from Pulmonary arteries -> ___ -> Pulmonary veins |
| __-> Pulmonary veins ->__ | blood flow from lungs -> ___ -> left atrium |
| __-> left atrium ->__ | blood flow from pulmonary veins -> ___ -> bicuspid valve |
| __-> Bicuspid valve ->__ | blood flow from left atrium -> ___ -> left ventricle |
| __-> Left ventricle ->__ | blood flow from Bicuspid valve -> ___ -> Aortic semilunar valve |
| __-> Aortic semilunar valve ->__ | blood flow from Left ventricle -> ___ -> aorta |
| __-> aorta ->__ | blood flow from Aortic semilunar valve -> ___ -> body |
| Pulmonary vessels | all blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs |
| Systemic vessels | all blood vessels that carry blood to and from the body |
| Tunica externa | external layer of connective tissue in blood vessels |
| Tunica media | middle layer of smooth muscle tissue in blood vessels |
| Tunica intima | layer of squamous epithelial tissue (endothelium) that lines the lumen in blood vessels |
| Lumen | cavity in a blood vessel through which blood flows |
Created by:
mmajorow
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