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EndocrineSystem

Endocrine System for Massage

QuestionAnswer
Hormones chemical messengers of the body; made primarily from proteins and steroids
Pituitary gland a small gland situated beneath the hypothalamus in the brain; two lobes (anterior & posterior); master gland
Anterior pituitary produces growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone
Growth hormone (GH) controls the growth of bone and soft tissue
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates thyroid to produce hormones for regulation of metabolism
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates growth and development of adrenal cortex; stimulates adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones
Prolactin (PRL) stimulates production of milk in the mammary glands;promotes breast development during pregnancy
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates development of the follicle (structure in the ovaries that produce eggs); stimulates production of sperm
Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts with FSH to develop follicle in female; promotes ovulation; stimulates secretion of testosterone in male
Posterior pituitary produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption in kidneys to decrease urine formation; also called vasopressin
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterus in childbirth and milk letdown from mammary glands
Thyroid gland bowtie shaped gland in neck just below larynx; produces thyoxine, calcitonin
Thyoxine increases metabolic rate & regulates rate of growth
Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting release of calcium from bone tissue
Parathyroid glands 4-5 tiny glands embedded in the posterior side of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone promotes calcium mobilization from bone tissue and calcium absorption from intestines
Pancreas long gland inferior to the stomach contains alpha, beta, & delta islets of Langerhans (produce hormones)
Insulin produced by pancreas beta cells; lowers blood sugar levels by stimulating glucose uptake by cells
Glucagon produced by pancreas alpha cells; increases blood sugar levels
Adrenal glands Pyramid shaped glands located above the kidneys, divided into cortex & medulla
Adrenal cortex produces cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
Cortisol released in response to stress; increases blood sugar levels, fatty acid immobilization
Aldosterone helps regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium uptake & potassium secretion by the kidneys
Sex hormones regulate sexual development and sex drive (supplement hormones produced by the gonads)
Gonads glands that produce sex cells and sex hormones
Testosterone regulates production of sperm cells & development of penis & secondary glands; causes development of secondary male sexual characteristics
Estrogen regulates menstrual changes and sex drive;development of secondary sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics
Progesterone prepares uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg; prevents spontaneous abortion by preserving uterine lining
Thymus Organ in the mediastinum above the heart, produces t-cells
Thymosin stimulates t-cells previously produced
Pineal gland small gland found in the midbrain of the brainstem
Melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles of the body.
Renin produced by kidneys; stimulates water retention increasing blood pressure
Erythropoieten produced by kidneys; stimulates production of red blood cells
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by embryo in early pregnancy to stimulate progesterone production, which enriches the uterus with a thick lining of blood vessels and capillaries so that it can sustain the growing fetus.
Created by: mmajorow
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