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Physiology / cells
Cell Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phospholipid Bilayer | Plasma membrane |
| Nucleus | contains genetic material |
| Separates cell from xtra cellular fluid | Cell membrane |
| Cytoplasm | intracellular fluid that contains all other structures of the cell |
| Cytosol | fluid part of cytosol |
| Organelles | All mechanical structures of the cell outside the nucleus |
| Integral Proteins | connect the external and internal cell environment, allows materials to pass through the membrane that are too large to fit or are not lipid soluble |
| Periferal membrane | loosly bound to outside of memrane, functions as part of a group of proteins that make up a cytoskeleton |
| glycolipids & glycoproteins | Membrane carbs that hold cells together to form tissues |
| Nucleus | directs cell activity, contains genetic information |
| Do red blood cells have a nucleus | NO |
| How many nucleii do skeletal muscles have? | more than 1 |
| Nucleolus | involved in cell division, involved in production of & maturation of ribosomes |
| rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Comes directly off the nucleus, studded with ribosomes |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | No ribosome attachment, lipid production, holds calcium in skeletal muscle tissue |
| Golgi Apparatus | The UPS of the cell, off of the ER, preps and packages proteins and lipids to send to other parts of the cell |
| Vesicles | membranous sacs that move materials through the cell |
| Lysosomes | The Euthanizers of the cell, contain powerful digestive enzymes, help to degrade intracellular debris, breakdown and dispose of organelles that are no longer working |
| Peroxisomes | Mainly found in Liver, metabolize alcohol |
| Ribosomes | Protein synthesis, some float free and others are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Vaults | Barrel shaped, transports molecules |
| Centrioles | Bundles of protein filaments perpendicular to one another, must be present for cell division |
| Cytoskeleton | gives the cell it's shape, flexible lattice of fibrous proteins |
| Phagocytosis | pulling things into the cell to be ingested |
| Tight junction | cells are fused together to form a virtually impermiable barrier, materials have to pass through the cells not around them, found in epithelial tissue, creates a barrier, GI Tract, Kidney tubules, stomach, skin |
| Desmosomes | commonly found in tissues that recieve alot of stress, Heart, uterus & skin |
| Gap Junction | Bi-directional junction that allows the cells to function as a unit, found in smooth muscle and heart muscle, only one cell needs to be stimulated which will inturn stimulate other cells in the junction |
| Metabolism | All chemical functions that occur in the body |
| Catabolism | break down of large molecules into smaller ones which releases energy |
| Anabolism | build up of small molecules into larger ones, bone growth |
| Things that determine what gets thru a cell | Lipid soluble, size of molecule, charge of ion, presence of integral protein |
| Transcription | 1st phase of protein synthesis |
| DNA | genetic info of the cell, determines what proteins will be made by the cell, cannot exit the nucleus |
| mRNA | single strand, transcribes data from DNA, exits nucleus & into the cytosol |
| Translation | 2nd phase of protein synthesis, occurs in cytosol |
| tRNA | gathers appropriate amino acids to line up correctly per DNA |
| rRNA | makes ribosomes, translates info on the mRNA, combines the amino acids and puts them in the correct order |
| Somatic cell division | increase # of body cells, replace cells that have been destroyed or damaged |
| Mitosis | nucleur cell division in somatic cell division |
| Reproductive cell division | union of two cells to create a single cell - zygote |
| meiosis | nucleus cell division in reproduction |
| Cytokenisis | division of the rest of the cell (not nucleus) |
Created by:
goodbunn
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