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chapter 4 preg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antepartum | prebirth |
| intrapartum | during birth |
| postpartum | post birth |
| What is the best way to ensure a healthy outcome for both mother and child? | Regular prenatal care |
| What is the best way to reduce congenital anomalies before conception? | taking 0.4mg daily of folic acid |
| What should the history on the first prenatal visit include? | Obstetric, menstrual, contraceptive, medical, surgical and family history... also alcohol and tabacco use |
| What is included in the first prenatal physician's visit? | Evaluate general health, baseline weight, VS, pelvic exam, EDD |
| EDD | Estimated date of delivery |
| EDC | Estimated Date of confinement |
| What is the schedule for prenatal visits by weeks? | Conception to 28 weeks-q 4 wks 29 to 36 weeks- q 2 to 3 weeks 37 weeks to birth - weekly |
| What happens on a routine prenatal visit? | Weight, fundal height, fetal heart rate |
| What is leopold's maneuver? | A way of mesuring the uterus (from top of the pelvic bone to the fundus |
| How early can the fetal heart beat be heard? | as early as eight to ten weeks |
| Gravida | number of pregnancies |
| Nullgravida | Never been pregnant |
| primigravida | pregnant for the first time |
| multigravida | multiple pregnancies |
| PARA | Number of deliveries past 20 weeks of viability |
| Primipara | Woman who has given birth to her first child regardless of whether the child was alive, also describes a woman b4 the birth of her first child |
| nullipara | woman who has not given birth to a child who reached the point of viability |
| point of viability | 20 weeks of gestation |
| Abortion | termination of pregnancy before twenty weeks of gestation |
| gestational age | prenatal age of the developing fetus, calculated from the first day af a womans LNMP |
| LNMP | last normal menstral period |
| TPALM System | T- # of term infant P- # of preterm infants A- # of pregnancies aborted b4 20 wks L- # of children living children M- # of multiple gestations |
| How do you determine the EDD? | deterrmine first day of last menstral period count backwards 3 months add 7 days |
| What are some presumptive (could be caused by other conditions) signs of pregnancy? | amenorrhea, N/V, breast changes, pigmentation changes, fequency and urgency of urination, fatigue and drowsiness,and quickening |
| What are some probable (provide stronger evidence of) signs of pregnancy? | Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, McDonald's sign, abdominal/ uterine enlargement, braxton hicks contractions |
| Chloasma | mask of pregnancy (increased pigmentation of the face) |
| Linea Nigra | line extending midline of the abdomen from umbilicus to symphysis pubis |
| Goodell's sign | softening of the cervix and vagina caused by vascular congestion |
| Chadwick's sign | Purplish or bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina caused by vascular congestion |
| Hegar's sign | lower portion of the uterus softening |
| McDonald's sign | cervix softens, It's easy to flex body of uterus agianst cervix |
| Ballottement | maneuver by which the fetal part is displaced by a light tap of the examining finger on the cervix, rebounds quickly |
| RIA | radioimmunoassay |
| What are some positive signs of pregnancy? | Fetal HB (normal is 140-160) fetal movement can be felt by examiner in the 2nd trimester... ultrasound, blood or urine test positive for HCG hormone |
| How much does the uterus weigh by the end of pregnancy? How much fluid does it hold? | 2.2 lbs and 5 quarts of fluid |
| What is the mucous plugs function? | A protective mechanism that keeps organisms from entering the uterus |
| Pseudoanemia | RBC's decrease, not a true anemia, 6 days post-partum returns to normal |
| True or false? Pregnant women are susceptible to UTI's | True |
| What is the best way to to ease constipation during pregnancy? | Increase fluids, increase fiber in diet, limit cheese and iron intake |
| how much weight should a women gain in her 1st trimester? | 3.5 lbs |
| What are some common discomforts experienced during pregnancy? | Varicose viens, Hemorrhoids, and heartburn |
| how many calories should a womenn's diet increase during pregnancy? | 300/day |
| What 4 main nutrients are important during prenancy? | Protien, calcium, iron, and folic acid |
| What is the recommended daily intake of protien while pregnant? | 60 grams daily |
| What is the recommended daily intake of Calcium while pregnant? | 1200mg per day |
| What is the daily recommended intake of Folic acid while pregnant? | 0.4mg per day |
| Name some good sources of calcium | Nuts, milk, and broccoli (suplements are needed for women under 25y rs of age because bone density isn't complete) |
| Name some good food sources of Folic acid | lean beef, kidney/lima beans, and peanuts |
| What nutrient is essential to the formation of RBC's and WBC's | FOLIC ACID |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts at a normal weight? | 25 to 35 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts under weight? | 28 to 40 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts over weight? | 15 to 25 lbs |
| How is the extra weight during pregnancy distributed? | Uterus 2.5 Fetus 7 to 7.5 lbs placenta 1 to 1.5 lbs breasts 1.5 to 3 lbs blood volume 3.5 to 4 lbs extra vascular fluids 3.5 to 4 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts at a normal weight? | 25 to 35 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts under weight? | 28 to 40 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts over weight? | 15 to 25 lbs |
| How is the extra weight during pregnancy distributed? | Uterus 2.5 Fetus 7 to 7.5 lbs placenta 1 to 1.5 lbs breasts 1.5 to 3 lbs blood volume 3.5 to 4 lbs extra vascular fluids 3.5 to 4 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts at a normal weight? | 25 to 35 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts under weight? | 28 to 40 lbs |
| How much should a woman gain during pregnancy if she starts over weight? | 15 to 25 lbs |
| How is the extra weight during pregnancy distributed? | Uterus 2.5 Fetus 7 to 7.5 lbs placenta 1 to 1.5 lbs breasts 1.5 to 3 lbs blood volume 3.5 to 4 lbs extra vascular fluids 3.5 to 4 lbs |
| PICA | craving for and ingestion of nonfood substances (clay, chalk, dirt) |
| What is the most commonly abused substance by women of child bearing age? | Alcohol |
| Why should the medication Streptomycin be monitered? | It can cause hair loss |
| Why should the medication Tetracycline be monitered? | It can cause discoloration of teeth |
| Colostrum | Breast secretion that precedes milk; rich in antibodies |
| Hemorrhoids | vericose veins of rectum and anus |
| Mucous plug | seals cervical canal during pregnancy |
| pseudoanemia | anemia occurring because RBCs increase less than plasma volume |
| Spider nevi | red elevations of the skin with lines radiating from the center |
| Trimester | 13 week period of pregnancy |
| G1 P2 | pregnant once had 2 children |
| G4 P2 | pregnant 4 times bithed 2 children |
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