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Social- Up2Midterm
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the geocentric theory? | The belief that everything in the universe revolves around the earth. |
| What is the heliocentric theory? | The belief that everything in our galaxy revolves around the sun. |
| Who invented the geocentric theory? Who supported his ideas? | Aristotle; the Catholic Church |
| How does the geocentric theory explain star movements? | Moving crystalline spheres |
| What was the name of Copernicus' book? | On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. |
| How did Copernicus avoid the backlash from his book? | He published it right before he died. |
| What was the name of Galileo's book? | Dialogues on the Two Chief Systems of the World |
| What happened to Galileo? | He openly contradicted Aristotle in his lifetime, ticking off the Catholic Church. He was out through a Jesuit Inquisition, and died under house arrest. |
| What two things did Galileo create? | -thermometer -partial vacuum |
| Who was Kepler? | A mathematician who discovered elliptical orbits. |
| What was the title of Newton's book? | Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy |
| What theory did Galileo believe in? | Heliocentric |
| What theory did Copernicus believe in? | Heliocentric |
| What 4 things did Newton do? | -collected ideas -invented Calculus -used math to prove junk -came up with the laws of gravity and motion |
| What happened science-wise after Newton? | Not much. Mainly, other scientists further developed his ideas. |
| When was the Scientific Revolution? | The middle of the 16th century to the beginning of the 18th century. |
| What did the Scientific Revolution begin with? | Copernicus |
| What did the Scientific Revolution more or less end with? | Newton's death |
| Who was Descartes, and what did he do? | The inventor of coordinate geometry who put an emphasis on using math to understand the world |
| What was Descartes' famous motto? | I think, therefore I am. |
| Who was Francis Bacon? | Bacon was makin' the scientific method! |
| What was usury? | When the Catholic Church lent out money at high interest rates. |
| What are 6 things that contributed to the start of the Protestant Reformation? (Dragon Peanut Butter) | -DISGUST- at the lack of spirituality in the Church officials -RESPECT- had diminished after a stream of bad popes -NATIONALISTIC- feelings were on the rise -BUSINESS- Church didn't mind theirs -GREED- Bad church! -PRINTING PRESS- Helped to spread i |
| What are indulgences? | Forgiveness that you could buy from the Church. (reduce your time in purgatory) |
| Luther was a _______ _______ who was also a great _________. | German; priest; debater |
| What is simony? | The selling of church offices. |
| Who went overboard in selling indulgences, and in doing so set off Luther? | Tetzel |
| What did Luther do once he got upset? | He nailed 95 Theses to the door of his church, questioning the nature and abuse of indulgences. |
| How were the 95 Theses spread? | By the printing press. |
| Which two powerful people were upset with Martin Luther? | The Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope. |
| In order, what events led to the Reformation? | Church tried to set up an office in Mainz, had to get 10 000 ducets, began to sell super-deluxe indulgences, guy skipped mass and got drunk, Luther got ticked, someone used the printing press to spread his ideas. |
| What did Martin Luther believe that you needed to get into heaven? | Faith and the Bible. |
| When Martin Luther was summoned before the emperor, he was reluctant to go because the emperor didn't really like him. What did the emperor do to get him to come anyways? | He gave him a "get-back-to-your-own-country-free card". |
| When Martin Luther and the emperor finally met, what happened? | They debated religion, and finally Luther was given 24 hours to renounce his views. He refused, and became an outlaw. However, he had his "home-free" card, and before he could be arrested at home, the Duke of Saxony hid him. [for 2 years.] |
| What did Luther do while he stayed at the Duke of Saxony's house? | He translated the Bible from Latin to German, married an ex-nun, and raised a family. |
| What was the name of the religion based off of Luther's views? | Lutheran. |
| Luther was put on trial in the town of ______ by the ______. | Worms; Diet |
| What doctrine did Calvin create? | predestination |
| What does predestination mean? | That it is already decided whether or not you will go to hell. |
| What is the divine right theory? | The belief that royalty have been chosen by heaven to lead their people, and have the "divine right" to rule. |
| Who were 3 leaders in the Protestant Reformation? | Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII |
| What is another name for the Catholic Reformation? | The Counter-Reformation |
| What were the two main purposes of the Catholic Reformation? | -stop the spread of Protestantism -strengthen the church |
| Who was Ignatius Loyola? | A major leader in the Catholic Reformation, he created the "Society of Jesus", or "Jesuits". |
| Who were the Jesuits? | A military-like group that was trained to have absolute obedience to the Pope. After strict physical training, they worked to spread Catholic doctrine, acting as missionaries, advisers, etc. |
| What was the Council of Trent? | A council that stood firm on the Church's dogma. |
| Who was Niccolo Machiavelli? | A writer/politician from Florence who was targeted by the suspicious Medici and exiled. He wrote a controversial book "The Prince" about politics and power. |
| Why is "The Prince" such a controversial book? | Because we don't know what the author meant by writing it. Was he sucking up the Medici, poking fun, or was it what he really thought? |
| What does it mean to be Machiavelli? | cunning or sneaky |
| What is manorialism? | An important part of feudalism were a lord controls the people who rent land from him. (economics) |
| What is another name for manorialism? | Seigneurialism |
| What is feudalism? | A strict social/political system that dictated responsibilities and loyalties |
| Who was Vasco da Gama? | The first explorer to sail around the Cape of Good Hope to get to India. |
| Who was Magellan? | Lead the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe. |
| What is imperialism? | When one country dominates another through political, economical, military, or cultural means. |
| What did Columbus understand that opened the way for exploration? | The trade winds |
| Who sponsored Columbus' voyage? | Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain |
| True or False: Columbus adamantly believed that he had discovered a new continent. | FALSE! |
| Describe Columbus' 4 voyages: | First: OMG! HERO! Second: Good, you made it back safe. Third: You again? Fourth: Columbus who? |
| What is the Colombian Exchange? | When ideas, plants, animals, and diseases crossed continents. |
| Give some examples of things brought to the New World: | Bananas, Sugar, Rice, Wheat, Grapes, Olives, Pigs, Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Donkeys/Mules, Camels, Black Rats, Smallpox |
| Give some examples of things brought to the Old World: | Avocado, Beans, Chile Peppers, Cocoa, Guava, Maize, Papaya, Peanuts, Pineapple, Potato, Pumpkin, Squashes, Sweet Potato, Tomato, |
| Who was Pizarro? | Accompanied Cortes on his conquest of the Aztecs, lead the conquest of the Incas |
| Who was Cortes? | Man born into lesser nobility, dreamed of wealth and power, went to New World, became a magistrate after helping to put down a native uprising, went on exploration trip (even though he wasn't really supposed to), conquered the Aztecs |
| Why was Cortes so successful? Name three reasons: | -He had the luck of the devil -He had translators (Aguilar for Mayan, Dona Marina for Aztec) -He used fear tactics (like horses and war dogs) |
| What was the Industrial Revolution? | In the 1800's, it was when new technologies and machinery started to destroy farm life and put a new emphasis on manufacturing. |
| What was the Opium War? | It was when China got ticked that Britain refused to stop selling Chinese citizens opium and thus making a druggie nation. |
| What was the result of the Opium War? | China lost, and the Treaty of Nanking was signed. |
| What were the 3 conditions of the Treaty of Nanking? | -ports were opened to the British -Hong Kong was given to Britain -British trade was made easier in different ways |
| What was Splendid Isolation? | When Britain thought she was too powerful to need allies. |
| What 2 countries formed the Entente Cordial? | France and Britain |
| What 3 countries formed the Triple Entente? | France, Russia, and Britain |
| What 3 countries formed the 3 Emperor's League? | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia |
| What 3 countries formed the Triple Alliance? | Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
| What is a war of attrition? | A war that goes ON, and ON, with both sides suffering heavy losses. |
| What was the Schleiffen plan? | Germany's plan of attack: March through Belgium, attack France (who will mobilize first) then hop on a train over to Russia |
| What is the unwritten rule of war? | Whoever mobilizes first, wins. |
| What are the Nicky-Willy telegrams? | Tsar "Nicky" of Russia sent telegrams to his cousin-in-law Kaiser "Willy" about the impending war. He mentioned that Russia had already mobilized, propelling Germany into action. |
Created by:
GreyEyes
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