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Massage Principles 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle found in blood vessels and some organs | Visceral muscle |
| Thin myofilament | Actin |
| Fascial covering of entire muscle | Epimysium |
| Flat, broad tendon | Aponeurosis |
| Cordlike structure attaching muscle to bone | Tendon |
| Bundles of muscles fibers | Faciculi |
| Ability of a muscle to shorten | Contractility |
| Voluntary, striated muscle | Skeletal muscle |
| Retaining bands of connective tissue around knees, ankles, and wrists | Retinacula |
| Thick myofilament | Myosin |
| Muscles contractile unit | Sarcomere |
| A muscle fiber, made up of actin and myosin filaments | Myofibril |
| Term referring to skeletal muscles and related fascia | Myofascial |
| Ability of a muscle to lengthen | Extensibility |
| Central region of resting sarcomere | H-band |
| Enzyme that cleans up acetylcholine left in the synaptic cleft after muscle contraction | Acetylcholinesterase |
| Fatigue resistant fibers | Slow twitch fibers |
| Cell membrane of muscle | Sarcolemma |
| Muscle causing desired action | agonist |
| Ends of a resting sarcomere | Z-lines |
| Lengthening ontractions | Eccentric contractions |
| A single motor neuron and all its associated skeletal muscle fibers | Motor unit |
| stimulated during ballistic stretching and muscle contracts | Muscle spindles |
| Point where the axon terminates at the sarcolemma connect | Neuromuscular junction |
| Process of motor unit actvaion based on need | recruitment |
| Regulatory proteins that prevent myosin attachment and, therefore , muscle sontraction | Troponin/tropomyosin |
| levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, rhomboids, serratus anterior, trapezius (lower, midder and upper) | Muscles of scapular movement |
| Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, deltoid (all 3), infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, subscapularis, suprespinatus, teres major/minor, triceps brachii | Muschles of shoulder movement |
| anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, triceps brachii | Muscles of elbow movement |
| Biceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis brevis/longus; extensor carpi ulnaris; extensor digitorum; flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris; Flexor digitorum superficialis; palmaris longus; pronator quadratus/teres; supinator | Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hand movement |
| adductor (all 3), Biceps femoris, gemellus inferior/superior; gluteus (all 3), gracilis, iliacus, obturator externus/internus; pectineus; piriformis, psoas major; quadratus/rectus femoris, satorius; semimembranosus; semitendinosus; tensor fascia lata | Muscles of hip movement |
| Rectus/Biceps femoris; gastrocnemius; gracilis; plantaris; popliteus; sartorius; semimembranosus; semitendinosus; vastus intermedius/lateralis/medialis | muscles of knee movement |
| extensor/flexor digitorum longus; extensor/flexor hallucis longus; gastrocnemius; peroneus brevis/longus; plantaris; soleus; tibialis anterior/posterior | muscles of ankle and foot movement |
| masseter; platysma; pterygoid lateralis/medialis; temporalis | Muscles of Mandibular movement |
| Levator scapulae; longissimus; longus capitis/colli; oblique capitis superior; rectus capitis posterior major/minor; scalenus anterior/medius/posterior; spinalis; splenius capitis/cervicis; sternocleidomastoid; trapezius | Muscles of head and neck movement |
| external/inernal obliques; iliocostalis; longissimus; multifidus; psoas major; quadratus lumborum; rectus abdominis; rotatores; semispinalis; spinalis | Muscles of vertebral column movement |
| swimmers muscle; actions of shoulder extension | Latissimus dorsi |
| corkscrew muscle; flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm | Biceps brachii |
| contractions of this muscle may cause angina-like pain | Pectoralis Major |
| frozen shoulder muscle | subscapularis |
| neurovascular entrapper; muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula and ribs 3 to 5 | Pectoralis minor |
| christmas tree muscle; oblique fiber arrangement | rhomboids major/minor |
| the two boxer's muscles | serratus anterior & triceps brachii |
| musculotendinous cuff muscle that attaches on th lesser tubercle of the humerus | subscapularis |
| coat hanger's muscle; most superficial muscle of the posterior upper back | trapezius |
| most effective arm flexor b/c of its mechanical advantage | brachialis |
| muscles that attaches to the deltoid tuberosity | deltoid |
| muscles named for elevating the scapula | levator scapulae |
| musculotendinous cuff muscle that does not actually rotate | supraspinatus |
| Muscle that attaches to the coracoid process and the humerus | Coracobrachialis |
| muscle that extends th index finger | extensor indicis |
| muscle that flexes & adduct the wrist | extensor carpi ulnaris; flexor carpi radialis |
| tea drinker's muscle; extends the little finger; muscles that flexes the little finger | extensor digiti minimi |
| muscle that performs abduction of the wrist | flexor carpi radialis |
| muscles that moves the thumb ino opposition | opponens pollicis |
| muscle that extends the wrist | extensor carpi ulnaris |
| tailors muscle | sartoris |
| hamstring that attaches to the fibular head | Biceps femoris |
| Quadriceps femoris muscle that crosses two joints | Rectus femoris |
| muscle that initiates walking | Iliopsoas |
| Largest outward rotator of the hip | Piriformis |
| Strongest extender of the hip | Gluteus maximus |
| Hamstring extender of the hip | Semitendinosus |
| Adductor that forms the letter V wih the femoral shaft | Gracilis |
| Mini-Gastrocnemius; missing in about 10% of cadavers | Plantaris |
| Muscle that dorsiflexes the ankle and everts the foot | Peroneus longus |
| Muscle called the key that unlock the knee | Popliteus |
| Muscle of plantar flexion that attaches below the knee joint | Soleus |
| Toe dancer's muscle | Gastrocnemius |
| Adductor muscle that attaches to the linea aspera and the adductor tubercle | Adductor Magnus |
| Muscle for blowing | Buccinator |
| Winking muscle | Orbicularis Oculi |
| Muscle of mastication attaching to the coronoid process of the mandible | Temporalis |
| Muscle of mastication that attaches to the temporomandibular joint capsule | Lateral pterygoid |
| Muscle that lifts the corners of the mouth into a smile | Zygomaticus Major/Minor |
| Muscles tat is called the pouting muscles | Platysma |
| Muscle tht lies across the fontal bone and contributes to tension headaches | Frontalis |
| Muscle that ataches to the dura mater | Rectus capitis posterior minor |
| Kissing muscle | Orbicularis oris |
| Hip hiker's muscle; elevates th hip | Quadratus lumborum |
| Deepest ransversospinalis muscle | Rotatores |
| Medial erector spinae muscle | Spinalis |
| Abdominal muscle w/ oblique fiber arrangemen | External obliques |
| Main muscle of respiration | Diaphragm |
| Most lateral erector spinae muscle | Iliocoatalis |
| Abdominal muscle that attaches the the xiphoid process and the ribs | Rectus abdominis |
| Part of the transversospinalis named for the muscle many attachments | Multifidus |
| Muscle that depresses the rib cage during exhalation | Internal intercostals |
| Intermediate tract of the erector spinae group that attaches to the occipital bone | Longissimus |
| division of the autonomic nervous system tht creates the alarm reaction; also known as thoracolumbar outflow | Sympathetic nervous system |
| contains the brain, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges | Central nervous system |
| Nerve cell classified as connective tissue that supports; nourishes; protects; insulates; and orgnizes the neurons | Neuroglia |
| A group of impulse carrying fibers | Nerve |
| Extensions of a nerve cell that receives and transmits stimuli toward the cell body | Dendrite |
| Contains the cranial and spinl nerves | Periperal nervous system |
| An impulse conducting cell possessing the properities of excitability and conductibility | Nodes of Ranvier |
| Cell extension transmitting impulses away from the cell body | Axon |
| Junction between two neurons | Synapse |
| Chemicals that facilitate, arouse, or inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses | Neurotransmitter |
| Divions of the autonomic nervous system that is involved w/ relaxation response; also known as craniosacral outflow | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| Division of th PNS that is involuntary, supplying the smooth muscles, heart muscle, skin, special senses, some proprioceptors, organs, and glands | Autonomic Nervous system |
| Fat and protein insulating substance around some axon to assist conduction | Myelin |
| An instantaneous, involuntary response to a stimulus | Reflex |
| Interruptions in the myelin along an axon that increase neural condustion rate | Neuron |
| Special connective tissue membranes covering the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
| Part of the brain that governs muscle tone, coordination, balance, ine and gross motor movements | Cerebellum |
| When the stimulus generates a nerve impulse, the impulse is conducted long the entire neuron at maximum capicity | All or none response |
| A cluster of nerve cell bodies located on the PNS, typically next to the spinal cord | Ganglion |
| Tendon reflex receptios that respond by inhibiting muscle contractions | Golgi tendon organs |
| Part of the brain stem containing the respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor centers | Medulla Oblongata |
| The measurement of electical difference between the inside and outside of the neural cell membrane | Action potential |
| A network of intersecting nerves in the PNS | Plexus |
| An area of th skin that a specific sensory nerve root serves | Dermatome |
| Clear fluid circulating around the brain and spinal cord | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Receptors for detecting pain | Nociceptors |
| The brain wave state that represents a person who is awake but relaxed | Alpha |
| Stretch reflex receptors that respond by contracting the muscle | Muscle spindles |
| A decrease in sensitivity o a prolonged stimulus | Adaptation |
| General term for receptors responding to changes in muscle length and tension, and body position | Proprioceptors |
| Prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, master gland | Pituitary (anterior lobe) |
| Aldosterone, cortisol | Adrenal cortex |
| Insulin, Glucagon | Pancreas |
| Thyroxin & triidothyronine, Calcitonin | Thyroid gland |
| Estrogen & progesterone, | Ovaries |
| Parathyroid hormone | Parathyroid glands |
| Oxytocin, contains neurosecretory cells in pituitary, master gland | Pituitary (posterior gland) |
| Epinephrine & norepinephrine | Adrenal Medulla |
| Regulates endocrine functions of the adrenal cortex | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| Involved in uterine contractions; stimulates milk ecpression | Oxytocin |
| Decreases urine output | Antidiuretic hormone |
| Decreases blood glucose levels | Insulin |
| Stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk | Prolactin |
| Stimulates ovulation | Luteinizing hormone |
| Stimulates protein synthesis for muscle/bone growth | Human growth hormone |
| Stimulate secretion and production of thyroid hormones | Human growth hormone |
| Stimulates the distribution of melanin granules in the skin | Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
| Increases blood glucose levels | Glucagon |
| Influences mental, physical, and metabolic activities | Thyroxine |
| Local decrease in blood flow | Ischemia |
| Straw-colored liquid that helps transport blood cells from invading bacteria; life span a few hours to a few days | Leukocytes (WBC's) |
| The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each ventricular contraction | Stroke volume |
| Blood cells involved in blood clotting; life span 5 to 9 days | Platelets (thrombocytes) |
| Superior heart chamber | Atrium |
| Enlargement of the vascular lumen | Vasodilation |
| Universal blood recipent | Type AB |
| Genetically determined protiens on the surface of RBC'S | Agglutinogens |
| Superficial artery in the throat region | Carotid |
| These blood cells serve as part of the body's immune system | Plasma |
| Most numerous blood cells and possesses hemoglobin; transports oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood; life span 100 to 120 days | Erthrocytes (RBC's) |
| An iron based protein that is the red respiratory pigment in RBC's | Hemoglobin |
| Thick walled inferior heart chamber | Ventricle |
| Vessels that drain the tissues, returning the deoxygenated blood back to the heart | Veins |
| Increased local blood flow | Hyperemia |
| Vessels that move blood away from the heart | Arteries |
| Universal blood donor | Type O |
| Pressure exerted by blood on arterial walls during contraction of the left ventricle | Blood pressure |
| Generative lymphatic structure that produces precursors of all lymphocytes | Bone marrow |
| Lymphatic duct that drains the right arm, right side of the head, and right half of thorax, dumping lymph into the right subclavian vein | Right lymphatic duct |
| Groups of specialized lymph tissues embedded in mucus membranes around the throat | Tonsils |
| Thymus derived cells that respond quickly to pathogens, types include helper cells, cytotoxic cells, and memory cells | T cells |
| Largest lymphatic organ; lies w/in the lateral rib cage just posterior to the stomach | Spleen |
| a protective mechanism that stabilizes and prepares the damaged tissue for repair; symptoms are local heat, swelling, redness, pain, and decreased function | Inflammation |
| Type of immunity that is a nonspecific response to invading pathogens | Natural immunity |
| Lymphoid cells in the mucosa or submucosa of the alimentary canal | Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue |
| Filtering stations for lymph | Lymph nodes |
| Immunological response that is diverse but specific and involves lymphocytes | Acquired immunity |
| Lymphatic structure located inferior to the cecum | Vermiform appendix |
| Fluid of the lymphatic system | Lymph |
| Bone marrow derived cells secreting antibodies that destroy antigens | B cells |
| Lymphatic duct that drains the majority of the body and dumps lymph into the left subclavian vein | Thoracic duct |
| Lymphatic sac located between the abdominal aorta and L2; inferior portion of the thoracic duct | Cisterna chyli |
| Generative lymphatic organ receiving immature b-cells, maturing them into t cells | Thymus |
| Surrounding and protecting the heart | epicardium |
| the thick cardiac muscle layer that makes up the bulk of the heart wall; contraction forces blood out of the ventricles | myocardium |
| thin, inner lining of the heart | endocardium |
| receives blood from all parts of the body except the lungs | right atrium |
| receives blood from the right atrium and pumps blood through the pulmonary trunk and into the right and left pulmonary arteries | Right ventricle |
| the oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins enters here | left atrium |
| thickest heart wall b/c it pumps blood into the aorta and then thru miles of blood vessels thru-out the body | Left ventricle |
| the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each contraction | stroke volume |
| separate the atria from the ventricles; produce the lubb sound of the heart when they close | Atrioventricular valves |
| right av valve that posesses 3 flaps or cusps | tricuspid |
| the left av valve that possesses 2 flaps or cusps | bicuspid valve (mitral valve) |
| located between both ventricles and their adjacent arteries consists of 3 half moon shaped cusps; produces the dupp sound when it close | semilunar valves |
| When the diameter of the vascular lumen enlarges | vasodilation |
| When the diameter of the vascular lumes gets narrow | vasoconstriction |
| nose > Nasal cavity > pharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli > lung | the way air is conducted thru the pathway of structures |
| Process of drawing air into the lungs; occurs when the diaphram contracts and descends into the adbominal cavity (forced) req's addtl help from the scm, scalenes, and pec minor | Inspiration/inhalation |
| tiny sacs attached to the distal ends of th bronchioles | Alveoli |
| Referred to as the guardian of the airways b/c it closes the trachea during swallowing | Epiglottis |
| paired organs of respiration | Lungs |
| throat or muscular tube shared by the respiratory and digestive systems | Pharynx |
| Process responsible for expelling air from the lungs back to the atmosphere | expiration |
| Hair like projections on the outer surfaces on certain cells | Cilia |
| Right and left air conduction passageways leading to each lung; total air amount that can be forcibly inspired and expired from the lungs in one breath | Vital capacity |
| Gas exchange in the lungs between blood and the external environment | External respiration |
| Phospholipids that assist in the exchange of gas in the alveoli by reducing surface tension and contributing to lung elasticity | Surfactants |
| Voice box that houses the 2 sets of vocal cords | Larynx |
| Windpipe; a tube from the larynx to the upper chest | Trachea |
| Gas excange between blood and body tissues | Internal respiration |
| The basic filering unit of the kidney | Nephron |
| A small tubular structure that transports urine from the unionary bladder out of the body during urination | Urethra |
| Hormone promoting the retention of sodium, which stimulates the reabsorption of more water back into the blood plasma | Antidiuretic hormone |
| Two slender hollow tubes transporting urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder | Ureters |
| Concentrated filtrate from the kidneys that is 96% water and 4% dissolved wastes | Urine |
| Inner region of the kidney called the urine collecting facility | Renal medulla |
| Bean shaped pair of organs; the major homeostatic organs of the body; located bilaterally in the upper lumbar region of the spine behind the abdominal peritoneum | Kidneys |
| Mechanism monitoring blood pressure consisting of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells | Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| Indentation in the medial concave region of the kidney where arteries, veins, and the ureters enter and exit | Renal hilus |
| Word meaning urination | Micturition |
| Hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water | Aldosterone |
| Bundles of renal tubules in the medulla | Medullary pyramids |
| Musclar organ providing a temporary storage reservoir for urine | Urinary bladder |
| Outer region of the kidney called the urine mfg facility | Renal cortex |
| Loops of minute blood vessels in the glomerular capsule | Glomeruli |
| word meaning behind the abdominal peritoneum | Retroperitoneal |
| transferring heat energy through circulating currents of liquid or gas | Convection |
| A place where water therapies are administered | Spa |
| Application of ice combined w/ circular friction | Ice massage |
| The exchange of thermal energy while the body's surface is in direct contact w/ the thermal agent | Conduction |
| The application of a cold pack followed by full range of motion of the affected area | Cryokinetics |
| Hot air bath w/ temps ranging from 170 to 210 degrees F in 10% to 20% humidity | Sauna bath |
| full or partial immersion w/ the client sitting in a vessel such as whirlpool, spa or hot tub, or a hubbard tank | Immersion bath |
| Hot vapor bath where the temp is maintained at 105 to 120 degres F at 100% humidity | Steam bath |
| A bath technique where water is sprayed in fine streams from a showerhead under low to medium pressure | Shower |
| A shower w/ water spraying from overhead w/ side-positioned needlelike valves at varying heights | Swiss shower |
| A high pressure stream of cold water applied to a standing client w/ the therapist standing at a specific distance | Blitz gus |
| A deep water pool plunge w/ water temp maintained at a chilly 50 to 60 degrees F | Cold plunge |
| A high pressure stream of alt. hot and cold water applied to a standing client w/ a therapist standing at a specific distance | Scotch hose |
| A shower w/ water spraying from multi overhead mounted showerheads while the client lies on a table; the needlelike streams alt. w/ hot and cold water | Vicky shower |
| trigger points that do not hurt all the time; they are activated by some stressor such as physical activity, emotional stress, or direct pressure on the muscle | Latent trigger points |
| Sustained digital pressure applied to trigger points to relieve pain and discomfort; referred to as trigger point work | Ischemic compression |
| Another term for deep tranverse friction | Cross fiber friction |
| The tendency of trigger points to produce sensations of pain distal from that of the trigger point | Referred pain phenomena |
| A reflexive impulse that causes the affected muscle or an adjacent muscle to fire spontaneously | Local twitch response |
| An injury of sudden onset | Acute |
| Areas that are noticeably painful even when no external physical stimulation is present; they refer pain in specific patterns | Active trigger points |
| A spontaneous reaction of pain or discomfort that may cause a client to wince or verbalize on application of pressure | Jump sign |
| An injury that is long standing; the original cause may not be known | Chronic |
| Any noticeable or measurab;e deviation from the normal composition of healthy tissue | Lesion |
| A group of manual techiniques used to reduce fascial restrictions; techniques include deep gliding, pin and glide, torquing, and skin rolling | Myofacial release |
| Hypersensitive areas found in muscles, fascia, tendons, ligaments, skin. periosteum, and even organs | Trigger points |
Created by:
kotenkandie
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