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Kellogg Flashcards
First Mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Interscapular Reflex Stroking? | C6-T1 |
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Axillary Reflex Stroking? | T2-T4 |
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Epigastric Reflex Stroking? | T5-T7 |
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Abdominal Reflex Stroking? | T8-T12 |
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Umbilical Reflex Stroking? | T8-T12 |
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Cremasteric Reflex Stroking? | L1-L3 |
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Gluteal Reflex Stroking? | L4-L5 |
| Which spinal nerves are acted on by Plantar Reflex Stroking? | S5-S6 |
| Where would you use Palmar Stroking? | -Broad fleshy parts -Around joints -Soles of the feet |
| Where would you perform nerve compression? | -Sciatica along junction of ilium and sacrum or hollow of thigh -Crural neuralgia - over nerve -Facial neuralgia - on seat of pain -Stimulation of spine -Intercostal neuralgia |
| What do the following describe? -Relief of isomnia -Relieve nervous headache -Relieve hypersensitivity -Alleviate neuralgic pains, paraesthesias, neurasthenia -Lessen pain of fracture & sprain -Hypnotic -Used after other techniques | Therapeutic applications of Palmar Stroking |
| What do the following describe? -Empties blood & lymph so it diminishes swelling & congestion -Relieves pain, either by decreasing the level of acetylcholine & therefore slowly the nerve impulses below the pain threshold or causing gate blockage | The physiological effects of Pressure Touch |
| What is the purpose of Stroking? | -To diminish blood supply but only thru it's relfex effects via the nervous system; NOT mechanical effects -Effect depends on frequency & strength |
| Name four type of Stroking. | -Palmar -Digital -Knuckling -Reflex |
| What is the property or response of a nerve to a response to stimuli by conducting impulses? | Nervous Irritability |
| What is strong pressure made upon a nerve trunk especially motor points where large nerve trunks are just under the skin & spinal nerves in spaces between the vertebrae? | Touch - Nerve Compression |
| What is partial or incomplete paralysis? | Paresis |
| What is excess or congestion of blood in a part? | Hyperemia |
| Where would you apply massage to treat cerbral congestion? | The extremities and neck |
| Where would you apply massage to treat pelvic pain? | The lower back |
| What is a sleep-like state or sedativeness? | Hypnotic Effect |
| What is the art of healing or treatment of disease? | Therapeutic Effect |
| What pertains to physiology, natural or normal processes or function of various parts and organs of the body? | Physiological Effect |
| What is severe, sharp, stabbing pain along the course of a nerve? | Neuralgia |
| What is sleeplessness, the inability to sleep? | Insomnia |
| What is lack of feeling, insensible, to make inactive, deaden? | Benumbing |
| Points where the motor nerve enters the muscle and where visible contraction can be elicited w/a minimal amt of stimulation; a point on the skin over a muscle which electric stimulation will cause contraction of that muscle | Motor Point |
| What is the bottom of the ribs to the top of the hips called? | Mammary line |
| What is the buttocks region called? | Gluteal |
| What is the armpit region called? | Axillary |
| What is the area between the scapula called? | Interscapular |
| What is the area called on the lateral sides of the chest between the 4th & 6th ribs (thoracic cage)? | Epigastric |
| What is the sole of the foot region called? | Plantar |
| What is the summit or top, expecially the crown of the head called? | Vertex |
| What is lack of blood supply to the spinal column? | Spinal anemia |
| What is caused by, resulting from, or relating to the process that involves a purely phyical change? | Mechanical |
| What is this called? Body heat is the by-product of metabolic processes of the body; hormones & muscular activity also produce body heat | Heat Production |
| What is pain in a nerve course along the shinn of the lower leg? | Crural Neuralgia |
| What is inflammation of nerves between the ribs that causes pain in the chest that may resemble pleurisy or coronary occlusion? | Intercostal Neuralgia |
| What is pain in the facial nerve called? | Facial Neuralgia (Bell's Palsy) |
| Neuralgia or neuritis of the sciatic nerve; can be long, painful & disabling | Sciatica |
| What is the creation of an abnormally sensitive condition? | Hypersensitiveness |
| Loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body | Paralysis |
| What is an agent that calms nervousness, irritability, & excitement; soothing or tranquilizing effect. Quieting | Sedative Effect |
| Moving towards the heart | Centripetal |
| Dirty, discolored | Dingy |
| What are light friction stroking movements used in massage? | Effleurage |
| Moving away from the heart | Centrifugal |
| Brownish orange to light brown color | Tawny |
| What is material that escapes from blood vessels and is deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces? | Exudates |
| What is an effect on the body directly and indirectly to the part acted upon? | Derivative Effect |
| Yellowishness of skin & eyes | Jaundice |
| Temperature is regulated by mechanisms that attempt to keep heat production & heat loss in blance | Heat regulation |
| Heat elimination by means of radiation, conduction, or evaporation | Heat dissipation |
| What is hyperemia (excess of blood in a part) of the cerebrum (headache) called? | Cerebral Congestion |
| What is the lower part of the back & sides between the thorax or ribs and the pelvis called? | Loin |
| The organs inside the ventral body cavity | Viscera |
| What is an injury to a ligament when a joint is carried thru a range of movement greater than normal but without dislocation or fracture? | Sprain |
| What is the deflection of a nerve impulse that does not penetrate the level of consciousness; an involuntary response to a stimuli | Reflex |
| Hardening & thickening of the skin w/loss of elasticity | Hidebound skin |
| What is deficiency in red blood cells of the blood called? | Anemia |
| A disease in which uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood, joints, or tissues | Gout |
| A general term for arthritis, often applied to almost any pain in joints & muscles | Rheumatism |
| What is the upper & inner (medial) portion of the thigh called? | Cremasteric |
| A group of symptoms; fatigue, loss of appetite, lack of energy, aches, and pains | Neurasthenia |
| Name five types of friction | 1. Spiral 2. Rotary 3. Circular 4. Straight 5. Alternate |
| How can you treat paralysis? | Touch - Nerve Compression Light, intermittent compressions, 4-5 times holding for 2-3 seconds, and resting for 5-6 seconds |
| What are the physiological effects of digital stroking? | -Relieves cutaneous congestion -Sedative Effect |
| What direction do you stroke the chest? | Lateral to medial |
| What is an increased or excessive sensibility to a stimuli? | Hyperaesthesia |
| What is an involuntary spasm or contraction of a muscle? | Convulsive Tic |
| What is one of many centers in cerebrospinal or ganglionic systems originating or controlling certain functions; a group of nerve cells governing a specific funtion called? | Nerve Centers |
| What is circulation of the extremities called? | Peripheral Circulation |
| What is the rate and direction of petrissage? | 30-90 per min, friction out 3-4 times, repeat 3-4 times Grasp, press, twist, stretch upward, and release |
| Name 7 forms of Kneading | 1. Petrissage 2. Wringing 3. Rolling 4. Chucking 5. Digital 6. Palmar 7. Fist |
| What direction would you apply friction to the back? | Above scapular: Circular Below: Downward Loins: From sides to spine |
| What is the rate and application of Friction? | 30-180 strokes per min Can last 5-8 minutes w/lubricant, 2-5 w/o lubricant Use cocoa butter |
| What is the deficiency in pepsin secretion of the stomach; impaired digestion due to lack of pepsin? | Hypopepsia |
| What is the goal of Kneading? | To increase circulation Always follow with friction to move fluids & help eliminate heat |
| What is the direction and rate of Fist Kneading? | Not more than 30 per minute. Start at the ascending colon, work over transverse colon, and then down the descending colon using deep pressure. |
| What is the rate and direction of chucking? | 2-6 times, stablize tissue with one hand and used the other to move the muscle up then down to stretch rigid muscles. |
| What is the rate and direction of Rolling? | 200-400 per minute. Proximal to distal. Firm pressure. Follow with centripetal strokes. |
| What direction would you apply Friction to feet? | From toes toward heel |
| What direction would you apply Friction to the arms and legs? | Distal to proximal |
| What direction would you apply Friction to the abdomen? | Upper- From above down and out Lower- From median down and out Middle - Median and outward |
| What direction would you apply Friction to the chest? | From sternum towards axillary |
| Name two forms of Kneading | Superficial (Fulling or pinching): acts on the skin and loose connective tissue Deep Kneading: acts on the muscles |
| What direction would you apply Friction to the hips? | Circular |
| In general, Friction follows... | Venous flow |
| Limb is grasped by both hands, which make an alternate wringing or twisting movement | Circular Friction |
| One handed movement in which hand moves medial to lateral (or vise-versa) while moving distal to proximal | Spiral Friction |
| Hands made to move over a broad surface in an elliptical, circular, or semicircular direction. "wax on, wax off" | Rotary Friction |
| Name the two directions of Friction | 1. Centripetal 2. Centrifugal |
| How would you apply Reflex Stroking to the plantar regtion? | On the sole of foot from ball of foot to heel on the medial arch |
| How would you apply Reflex Stroking to the gluteal region? | On the skin of gluteals from lateral to medial |
| How would you apply Reflex Stroking to the umbilical region? | Clockwise around navel |
| How would you apply Reflex Stroking to the abdominal region? | On the mammary line, superior to inferior |
| How would you apply Reflex Stroking to the epigastric region? | On the sides of chest between the 4th & 6th ribs, inferior lateral to superior medial |
| How would you apply Reflex Stroking to the interscapular region? | On the skin between the scapula, superior to inferior |
| What do the following expalin? -Digestive & genito-urinary problems -Loss of tone in rectum or bladder -Weakness in geniot-urinary function | Therapeutic application of Reflex Stroking to the Cremasteric region |
| What is the Therapeutic Application of Reflex Stroking to the umbilical area? | -Treats constipation -Treats relaxed abdominal muscles |
| What is the Therapeutic Application of Relfex Stroking to the abdominal region? | -Treats constipation -Treats relaxed abdominal muscles |
| What is the Therapeutic Application of Reflex Stroking to the epigastric region? | Treats -Hypopepsia -Motor insufficiency of the stomach |
| What is the Therapeutic Application of Reflex Stroking to the axillary area? | Treats respiratory and lung conditions |
| How is Reflex Stroking performed? | Gently stroke the part indicated very lightly with the fingernail, end of pencil, or cold |
| What is the Therapeutic Application of Knuckle Stroking? | Applied to the back to excite the posterior brances of the spinal nerves & to stimulate the spinal centers |
| What do the following describe? -Stimulates ALL activities of part -Mechanical: suction or pumping of fluid thru tissues, removes toxins, freshens blood -Dilation of blood vessels by Reflex -Raises temperature -Alt effects & vital renovation | Physiological effects of Kneading |
| What is the center thru which the diameter of blood vessels (arteries, arterioles) is controlled, causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation? | Vasomotor Center |
| What is the inability to walk properly as a result of damage to the spinal cord by syphilis degeneration of the dorsal column of the spinal cord and the sensory nerve trunks due to infection of the CNS called? | Locomotor Ataxia |
| Where and why would you perform Pressure Touch? | -Head, foramina, sinuses, teeth -Webbing between thumb & forefinger -Violent headache pains -Joint massage/pain - empties veins & lymph -Swollen or irritated parts -Muscle knots -Feet |
| When do you need to keep the following in mind? -Quality of tissue -Condition of patient -Form of muscle(s) -Outline of underlying bone -Location of blood vessels & nerves -Light pressure on thin tissue -heavier pressure on thick tissue | When Kneading |
| What does the following explain? -Mechanical: moves fluids in vein & lymph, enhanced w/lubricant -Reflex: thru nervous system, enhanced w/o lubricant -Derivative: effects to parts not directly worked on -Stimulates all functions of skin | Physiological effects of Friction |
| What percentage of heat is dissipated by Friction? | 95% |
| What percentage of moisture is increased by Friction? | 60% |
| What does centripetal friction promote? | Absorption & Circulation |
| What does centrifugal friction produce? | Sedative effects and decreased circulation |
| What does this describe? -Stroking combined with firm pressure -All or part of hand or thumb is used -Follow large veins -Use one hand to support small body parts | Friction |
| What does the following explain? -Powerful stimulation to nerve centers governing organs -May cause muscular contractions due to formation of reflex arc thru spinal cord from cutaneous receptors | Physiological Effects of Reflex Stroking |
| What does the following explain? -Relieves insomnia (head) -Relieves nervous headache -Relieves hypersensitivity -Relieves inflammation -Alleviates neuralgia, paraesthesis, neurasthenia -Relieves muscle spasms & lessons pain of fracture & sprain | Therapeutic effects of digital stroking |
| What does the following explain? -Gentle pressure stimulates, strong pressure sedates -Repetitive pressure stimulates vital activities to restore nerve to normal condition | Physiological effects of nerve compression |
| What does the following describe? -Sciatica/neuralgia -Paralysis (light & intermittent pressure 4-5 times, holding 2-3 seconds, resting 5-6 seconds between) -Stimulates body function by arousing activity of nerve centers | Therapeutic applications of nerve compression |
| Painful spasm of occupation sufferers; a cramp affecting muscles of the thumb & two adjacent fingers after prolonged writing; fatigue spasms affecting a hand | Writers Cramp |
| What does the following describe? -Relieves headache -Relieves joint pain -Relieves congestion & pain from swelling | Therapeutic application of pressure touch |
| What does the following describe? -Light or heavy pressure w/the whole of one or both hands or w/one or more fingers -Applied with sensitivity to underlying tissue | Pressure Touch |
| What does the following describe? -Temperature change, can cause vasodilation -Subtle effect on nervous system thru reflex action on cutaneous nerves -Subtle electrical effect, even w/o contact | Physiological Effects of Passive Touch |
| What does the following describe? -Not even the full weight of hand rests on body part -Light touch w/1 or more fingers, with whole hand or both hands | Passive Touch |
| What does the following describe? -Tip of 1 finger or tips of all fingers of one or both hands -Fingers held slightly apart, a little curved, and flexible so that all fingers will fall lightly in contact with the surface | Digital Stroking |
| What does the following describe? -The hand is closed and the knuckles of the 2nd joints of the fingers are applied to the surface. -Pressure is slightly greater than the weight of the hand | Knuckle Stroking |
| What are the Therapeutic Applications of Reflex Stroking to the gluteals? | Treats -Digestive & genito-urinary problems -Loss of tone in rectum or bladder -Weakness in genito-urinary function |
| What are the Therapeutic Applications of reflex stroking to the plantar region? | Treats -Digestive & genito-urinary problems -Loss of tone in rectum or bladder -Weakness in genito-urinary function -Improves circulation & enervation of muscles of the lower extremities |
| What does the following describe? -Alternate w/other techniques -Defects in circulation, dropsy, swelling -Inflammation of joints -Edema, sciatica, rheumatism, gout -Sprains, chronic joint enlargements -Glandular enlargements -Insomnia -Skin probl | Therapeutic Applications of Friction |
| What does the following describe? -headache: work on spine -Pelvic pain: work on lower back -Cerebral congestion: Centrifugal to extremities, Centripetal to neck -Brain anemia: Centripetal to extremities, Centrifugal to neck | Derivative effects of Friction |
| Knot like mass, cystic tumor of aponeurosis or tendon | Ganglia |
| Abnormal or perverted sensation of burning or tingling due to disorder of the sensory nervous system | Paresthesia |
| Nervous headache | Migraine |
| Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the tissues or a cavity | Dropsy |
| Lack of function or power | Motor Insufficiency |
| Therapeutic effects of Superficial Kneading | Treats -Dropsy -Jaundice -Inactive skin, dry, or hidebound |
| Name five places where digital kneading used | 1. Joints 2. Spine 3. Head 4. Face 5. Abdomen |
| Rate and direction of Wringing | -30 per minute -twisting movement -proximal to distal |
| What does the following describe? -Alternate & intermittent compression of tissue (grasp or compress against bone) -Direction is unimportant | Kneading |
| What direction would you apply friction to the neck? | Downward |
| What direction would you apply friction to the head? | From before backward, from above downward |
| Principal veins affected by friction | Forearm: Radial, ulnar, median Upper Arm: Cephalic (lateral), Basilic (medial) Leg: Greater saphenous and lesser saphenous |
| Straight friction with hands alternating movement | Alternate Friction |
| Follows long axis of body part (one or both hand used together) | Straight Friction |
| Where would you perform reflex stroking to the cremasteric region? | Surface at upper & inner portion of thighs |
| Where would you perform reflex stroking to the axillary region? | -Skin of armpit -Distal to proximal then superior to inferior -Follow hair |
| Therapeutic application of reflex stroking for the interscapular region | Spinal anemia |
| Where is knuckle stroking chiefly performed? | The back |
| What is the physiological effects of palmar stroking? | -Sedative effect -Relieves cutaneous congestion |
| Where would you perform digital stroking? | -Forehead -Spine |
| What direction would you stroke the back? | -From above downward, from median line outward |
| What does the following describe? -Relieves hyperaesthesias (esp in head and joints) -Relieves insomnia -Quiets nervous irritability (pain, numbness, tingling) | Therapeutic applications of Passive Touch |
| Rate of Stroking | -1-2 inches per second -Can last 2-3 minutes or up to 30 minutes |
| What does the following describe? -The tips of 2 or 3 or all of the fingers, or the entire palm of the hand or hands moved gently over skin w/light contact | Stroking |
| Primary nerve before its division, main stem of peripheral nerve | Nerve Trunk |
| Pain & nodules in the articular area of the musculoskeletal system | Joint rheumatism |
| Name three types of Touch | 1. Passive 2. Pressure 3. Compression |
| Name some places you would perform Passive Touch | 1. Sides of face, forehead, over eyes 2. Distal extremities (hands, ankles, feet, over any joints, or sensitive areas 3. Back |
| What are some aspects of the proper application of stroking? | -Rhythmical -Even pressure -Follows arterial flow & the way the hair lies |
| What direction would you apply stroking to the head? | From before backward, from above downward |
| What direction would you apply stroking to the abdomen? | -Upper: from sides inward & upward -Middle: toward median line -Lower: from below upward & inward |
| What direction would you apply stroking on the arms? | From shoulders towards hands |
| What direction would you apply stroking on the legs? | From hips downward |
| What direction would you apply stroking to the feet? | From toes to heel |
| Morbid sensations such as numbness, formication, tingling | Paraesthesis |
| Nervous Exhaustion | Neurasthenia |
| The whole or part of the palm of one or both hands should be applied to the surface lightly | Palmar Stroking |
| Physiological effect of knuckle stroking | Stimulation |
| What does the following describe? -Paralysis/paresis -Increase muscle mass -Enlarged joints -Sciatica/neuralgia; convulsive tic -neurasthenia (nervous exhaustion) -Locomotor Ataxia -Closed lymph & blood vessels -Spinal disease -Writer's cramp | Physiological effects of deep kneading |
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