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World Religion exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Islam literally means | submission |
| observant Muslims can't drink | alcohol |
| Muhammad was born and raised in | Mecca |
| Islamic month of fasting | Ramadan |
| Muhammad's job | caravan driver |
| largest Islamic branch | Sunni |
| Muslims are called to prayer by a | muezzin |
| Qur'an literallymeans | recite |
| 'La ilaha illa allah, Muhammad-ur Rasul Allah.' Islamic creed | There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Charity to the poor Fasting during Ramadan Prayer Hajj Creed |
| chapter of the Qur'an is called | surah |
| sufism | Islamic mysticism 5% 99 names of God |
| holiest day of Islamic week | Friday |
| century Muhammad was born | 6th Century |
| Muhammad's 1st wife | Khadijah (25) |
| first word revealed to Muhammad | recite (in a dream, from angel Gabriel) |
| place of the Night of the Ascent | Medina |
| Muhammad is recognized as the ____ of Allah | prophet |
| describe Charity to the Poor | donate 2.5% of worth |
| describe fasting during Ramadan | no food, drink, tobaco, sex...sunrise->sundown sign of obedience |
| Islamic prayer requirements | 1) before prayer, wash w/water 2) Face Mecca 3) properly clothed 4)clean place 5) postures |
| qiblah | direction towards Mecca |
| 'Bismillahir- Rahmanir-Rahemm' | INt he name of God, the compassionate, the merciul |
| Sharia | theocracy, whole body of Islamic law ruling Islamic life |
| wahhabi | extremely conservative al qaeda + taliban |
| nation of islam | predominantly black Malcolm X |
| What is jihad | 'struggle' active defense of faith 1) inner jihad: struggle to be a better practicer of one's faith 2) missionary: actively improve society 3) 'holy war' actively defend faith |
| Budda's name | Siddhartha Gautama |
| Budda's title | Shakyamuni |
| dukka | term for suffering, unsatisfactoriness, misery buddhism |
| refrain from harming another, peace, non-violence buddhism | ahimsa |
| circular design representing totality, the self, or the universe | mandala |
| concept that the universe is in flux and ever-changing buddh. | impermanence |
| conept that there's no diving self, no soul, no permanent essence in ppl buddh | anatman |
| in mahayana, the ideal, one who doesn't enter nirvana but is constantly reborn | bodhisattva |
| The king who, after witnessing a horrific battle, sent Buddhism out into the world | Ashoka |
| release from suffering and rebirth that brings inner peace buddh | nirvana |
| vows all Buddhists make | 1) not to harm anyone 2) no intoxicants 3) no stealing/lying |
| vow Buddhist monks/nuns must make | 1) can't touch gold/silver 2)can't dance/sing 3) can't sleep on soft bed |
| 'sudden enlightenment' | satori |
| Four Noble Truths | 1) Life is suffering. 2) Suffering comes from desire. 3) To end suffering, end desire. 4) To end desire, follow 8 Fold Noble Path. |
| 8-Fold Noble Path | 1) Right Understanding 2) Right Intention 3) Right Speech 4) Right Action 5) Right Work 6) Right Effort 7) Right Meditation 8) Right Contemplation |
| Credal Statement Buddh | Namo Buddha- enlightened one Namo Dharma- teaching Namo Sangha - community |
| Where did Buddhism begin? | Nepal (then India) |
| Theraveda | elders traditional southern (Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Vietnam) |
| Mahayana | 'big raft' North (China, Korea, Japan) takes in other cultures Zen, Vajrayana |
| Zen Buddhism | mostly Japanese Koans, mondos, ikebana, sand gardens means 'meditation' |
| Vajrayana | Tibetian, Dalai Lama Sand mandala, ptayer flags, om mani padme hum The Diamond/Lightning Vehicle |
| When was Buddh. started? | 5th C |
| prophecy about Siddhartha Gautama | sees no suffering- world ruler sees suffering- world teacher |
| Siddhartha's clan | shakya (shakyamuri) |
| Four Passing Sights | old man sick man corpse sannyasin |
| 'Great Going Forth' | |
| 29, Siddhartha leaves + travels from guru to guru looking for answers | |
| dhyana | meditation |
| sangha | buddhist monastery |
| Tripitaka | 3 collections of Buddhist texts 1) Sutras (sacred text): Buddha's words 2) Precepts (vows) ie. monks can't eat after 12noon 3) abhidharma: book w/teachings |
| buddhist symbols | 8 spoked wheel palm/footprint lotus flower |
| bodhisattva | enlightened being near nirvana |
| bodhisattva vow | constantly reborn until all enlightened |
| zazen | seated meditation |
| zen came from ___ to ___- | china to japan |
| zen meditation vs Theraveda | zen- empty mind theraveda- scripture focus |
| 'What is the sound of one hand clapping?' | Zen (buddhist) saying |
| mondos | parable |
| koans | seemingly illogical question meant to shock and to make ppl reflect |
| haiku | 5-7-5 1) season/mood 2) moment 3) enlightenment |
| ikebana | flower design |
| Tibetian objects | vajra (sceptre) prayer wheel trumpets bells mandalas (geometrical art form) drums prayer flags |
| mudra | hand gesture |
| mandala | geometrical art form |
| vajra | sceptre |
| geographic features bordering India | Himalayas Indian Ocean Pakistan |
| earliest sacred texts (hinduism) | vedas |
| Hindus call their religion 'Sanatana Dharma' which means | The Eternal Truth |
| Sacred text between Arjuna and Krishna | Bhagavad Gita (most important Hindu text) |
| in the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna counsels Arjuna to | meditate, to duty, fight |
| most sacred river in India | Ganga Ma |
| Brahman | absolute, transcendental reality at the heart of all things reality, truth, thou art that |
| atman | spiritual essence of all indivs |
| moksha | ultimate human goal, release from samsara, freedom from self hindu |
| 'Action,' moral law of consequences, cause and effect | karma |
| everyday world illusion of reality | maya |
| fidelity to duty, path to holiness, truth that must be fulfilled | dharma |
| CASTES brahmin outcastes | brahmin- priests outcastes- untouchables |
| The god who is the creative force w/four faces of understanding | Brahma |
| god who preserves life w/warmth and kindess | 10 avatars |
| god of destruction bringing rebirth from death | Shiva |
| monkey god who aids Rama in his quest to free his wife Sita | Hanuman |
| The 'Truth-Force' of Gandhi bringing justice and freedom to India | Satyagraha |
| Hindu concept of the complementary feminine energy | shakti |
| most significant outside modern influence on Hinduism | British |
| most significant art for Hindus | stauary |
| When one has____ for a god, you will offer_____ at their shrine | bhakti, puja |
| at the source of the Ganges, William Dalrymple encouters | a glacier |
| sound of creation | om |
| two levels of consciousness that may be reached by uttering om | waking consciousness dreaming consciousness deep sleep consciousness |
| Hindu stages of life | student householder retiree sannyasin (renunciate) |
| Hinduism gets its name from | Indus river (india) |
| vedas | be, know four collections of ancient prayers and rituals |
| influences on Hinduism | Harappa, Aryan |
| upanishads | dialogue (teachings) |
| Tat tram asi 'That is Reality. That is truth. Thou art That.' | Hindu |
| Ramayana | story of Rama and Sita |
| salt in water story | son comes home after learning. father asks about brahman & son doesn't know. tells son to put salt in water and leave overnight. cannot see salt but it's in the water. |
| namaste | the divinity in me bows to the divinity in you |
| monism | everything is one |
| brahma | creator shakti- Sarasvat in Vedas goose |
| vishnu | preserver, love shakti: Lakshmi (fortune goddess) animal: Garuda (eagle) one of the most beloved |
| avatar | incarnations |
| shiva | the destroyer (so things can come back to life) shakti: Durga (powerful), Parvati (meek,mild), Kali (BAD) animal: Nandi the Bull |
| maha devi | all feminine energy |
| sutra | thread + knowledge symbol |
| hindu death ritual | cremation |
| Shiva as Nataraja | drum- creation flame- destruction point foot- join me arm giving blessing 'don't be afraid' |
| yoga | 'union' spiritual discipline |
| knowledge yoga | shankara made school of Vedanta |
| action yoga (karma yoga) | part of doing smthg |
| devotion (bhakti) yoga | emotions |
| royal yoga | meditation -ahimsa -breathing: pranayama -samadhi |
| samadhi | complete state of inner peace |
| pranayama | breathing |
| Mahatma | The Great Soul |
| sastyagraha | truth-force: if you are right, even if they kill you, in the end you will prevail |
| Gandhi's last words | rama |
| notion of wu wei | no unnecessary action |
| Tao Te Ching means | classic of the way and virtue |
| Tao symbol | water |
| at the end of his life, Lao Tzu is said to have | left China riding on an ox/water buffalo |
| Taoists aim at enjoying a long life but accept death b/c | death is part of the natural order of things |
| yin | female dark moon death subtle earth water lao tzu valley |
| yang | male light life heaven Kung Fu Tzu mountain |
| The Tao Te Ching has ______ chapters in approximately ______ Chinese characters | 81 chapters 5000 characters |
| The Tao Te Ching is known for its | deliberately paradoxical obscurity |
| The Tao is the origin of the rhythms of | nature |
| literary character identified w/simplicity and the Uncarved Block | winnie the Pooh |
| life force | qi (ch'i) |
| religious taoism most active in | Taiwan |
| one of the most important aspects in Chinese nature painting | perspective |
| Early Taoism drew most of its belief from the religious system of | Primal Chinese ideas |
| Sun Tzu's book on confrontation between opposites | The Art of War ~300BC Principles - how you position yourself -know what you're going to do - know when to attack - surprise/secrecy |
| practices meant to enhance the life force mostly strive for | longetivity |
| I Ching/Yijing | Book of Changes (Dao) |
| Daoism founder born as as leaving China | Laozi/ Lao Tzu old+wise made him write everything he knew--> Daodejing |
| Tao | way/pattern/rhythm not god, but where everything comes from |
| p'u dao | simplicity |
| de (te) | virtue |
| relativity dao | seeing other side....yin+yang |
| Chuang Tzu (Zhuangzi) wrote self entitled book about | butterfly dream harmony w/nature whimsical stories |
| feng shui based on manipulating___ | qi (ch'i) |
| 5 elements feng shui | fire, water, earth, wood, metal |
| seder | special ritual meal of Passover |
| Day of Atonement, most holy day of the year | Yom Kippur |
| Tanak | complete hebrew scriptures: torah, histories and the wisdom writings |
| shoah | Hebrew term meaning 'extermination,' referred to as the Holocaust |
| Rosh Hashanah | Jewish New Year beginning the 10 Days of Awe, the High Holy Days |
| Talmund | Insights, stories, commentaries, midrash on Hebrew scriptures+traditions |
| Harvest feast of 'Booths' recalling the pilgrimage to the Promised Land | Sukkot |
| Early winter festival recalling the rededcation of the Second Temple, celebrated with the lighting of candles for eight days. | Hannukah |
| The name of God the Most High, the Creator and King of the Universe. | Elohim |
| Bar/Bat Mitzvah | Jewish initiation ritual rite of passage |
| dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, the 'faithful remnant' | diaspora |
| 'Wrestles with God' | Israel |
| mikvah | ritual bath of cleansing after menstruation |
| Qumran | where Essenes hid the Dead Sea Scrolls |
| Kashrut | ritually correct esp w/food |
| Joyful spring festival recalling the deliverance of the Jews from the angel of death exodus (youngest, oldest) 4 cups of wine drunk | pesach |
| Moses Maimonides | 12th C Jewish philosopher and thologian who codified the basic principles of Jewish belief |
| traditional Jewish blessing prayer | blessed are you, of Lord our God |
| Sh'ma Ysrael foundational prayer for Jews | Hear, O Israel: the Lord your God is one |
| 2 god images | eloish- trad 6 days Yahweh- personal god who walks + talks w/Adam |
| midrash | interpretation |
| Talmund | encyclopedic commentary on Hebrew scriptures |
| End of 2nd Temple, Biblical Judaism becomes | rabbinical Judaism |
| Jewish calendar is | modified lunar |
| matzah | basic food to get you to live 'bread of our affliction' |
| Yom Hashoah | Remembrance Day (holocaust) |
| talit Jewish | prayer shawl |
| Tffilin | only strict Orthodox jews 2 small boxes w/scripture passages head, arm |
| brith/bris | circumcision |
| pantheism | all reality is divine |
| beliefs of primal religions are usually conveyed by | masks and dances, art, paintings, totems, chants |
| animism | life exists in everything and in every part of the universe |
| symbols Black Elk saw | sacred tree, circle of peace, eagle feather |
| calumet | sacred pipe |
| Chief Joseph Stronghold referred to God as | the Great Mystery |
| Sacred time is | cyclical |
| What did Black Elk do? | 1)witnessed massacres at Little Big Horm and Wounded Knee 2)was entrusted to pass on the sacred vision of his nation's culture 3) converted to Catholicism |
| religion means | to connect again |
| What's a vision quest? | 1) prayer on sacred mountain 2) special herbs and foods 3) reverence for one's ancestors |
| faith vs. religion | faith: personal relationship to Divine Religion: sum total of worship, community, beliefs |
| religion similarities | higher power holy writings holy places holy people art+symbols moral code prayer/worship: rituals variations: sects, offshoots |
| aspects that differ between religions | sin/evil+salvation leadership: global vs local proselytizing |
| atheism vs agnosticism | atheism: no god agnosticism: no BELIEF in a god (doesn't say whether or not one exists) |
| holistic | everything is interrelated and whole |
| two diff types of rituals/rites of passage- primal religions | when girl begins menstruating vision quest |
| four sacred directions in Native American religions | North- cold, purity South- warmth, blossoming East- new beginnings, wisdom West- death, courage |
| Name for Native American high diety | Wakan Tanka |
| spiritual realm | what is beyond natural experience |
| red road | North/South |
| black road | East/West |
| name for white people | wasichus |
| Messiah | Wanekia red (life of spirit) |
| Great Spirit | wakan tanka |
| themes in comogony | africa- tree of life pacific islander- mother earth turtle god trickster spirit, coyote |
| totem pole represents | dead |
| 'Our land, our life and our religion are one' | Hopi saying (native american) |
Created by:
clamchowder
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