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Why did towns become more important as trade grew?
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How did the rise of commerce and banking affect life in towns and cities?
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The Renaissance Unit
This study stack is to help you study for a test on the Renaissance time period.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did towns become more important as trade grew? | Towns were centrally located. They attracted merchants, craftsmen, and customers. They provided services for traveling merchants. |
| How did the rise of commerce and banking affect life in towns and cities? | Merchants, craftsmen, and bankers became more powerful. They used new wealth to commission art, new buildings, and to fund universities. |
| How did the growth of trade and commerce help the Renaissance begin? | New items renewed interest in ancient Greece and Rome. New wealth generated helped to fund a growth in art and learning. |
| What were city-states? How were they governed? | City-states were powerful cities in Italy and surrounding towns and countryside. They were governed independently, often by elected councils. Some ruled by rich merchants, guilds, or powerful families. |
| How did Italian city-states become so powerful? | The central Mediterranean location allowed booming centers of trade and business. |
| How did Italian city-states contribute to a boom in art and learning? | Wealth encouraged a growth in art and learning. Also, rich families supported the creation of art, new buildings, centers for learning (hospitals and universities). |
| What did humanists believe about people's abilities? | Humanists believed people shape their own lives and can achieve great things. |
| What subjects from ancient times did humanists study and explore? | Humanists studied and explored: ancient art, architecture, government, history, poetry, and language. |
| How did humanists' studies and ideas affect Renaissance life? | It changed ideas about government, social standing, and religion. It tried to improve art, buildings, and ideas from the past. It also led to new discoveries, new ways of studying, and new inventions. |
| Describe at least two Renaissance advances in painting styles. | More realistic, lifelike pose, emotions, realistic backgrounds, giving depth and space. |
| Describe at least two Renaissance advances in painting techniques. | Geometry, perspective, and oil paint. |
| Describe at least two ways in which Renaissance sculpture was different from medieval sculpture. | 3-D, freestanding, looked real, and showed emotion. |
| What was so amazing about Donatello's "David"? About Michelangelo's "David"? | Donatello's "David" was life-size, showed personality, showed mood, and was very natural. Michelangelo's "David" was enormous (17 ft. tall), beautiful, and showed complex emotions |
| Describe at least two ways in which Renaissance literature differed from medieval literature. | Medieval literature was usually about religious subjects, it was written in latin, and impersonal. Renaissance literature was non-religious, was written in dialects, and had personal style. |
| Who wrote "The Divine Comedy"? | Dante |
| How did the study of science change during the Renaissance? | The study of science began to question old ideas, used careful observation, performed experiments, and analyzed results. |
| List at least four science or mathematics topics that Leonardo explored in his notebooks. | Geometry, engineering, anatomy, motion, and sound. |
| How did the Medici family rule Florence for so long? | They had a strong military, they build palaces, they sponsored art, and they defeated their enemies. |
| What was Machiavelli's book "The Prince" about? | It was a realistic description of politics, government, and how rulers can make their states strong. |
| What industries helped Florence become the center of the Renaissance? | The woolen-cloth and banking industries. |
| What were two differences between Florence's Old Market and New Market? | The old market was crowded, smelly, and sold every-day items. The new market was orderly, clean, sold cloth, and banking was done there. |
| Who was Michelangelo? | An Italian painter and sculptor. He is best known for the painting of the Sistine Chapel and his statue of "David". |
| Who was Titian? | An Italian painter known for his use of color. He created many paintings of myths and Bible stories, as well as portraits of royalty. |
| Who was Albert Duhrer? | He blended detailed German painting with Italian techniques of perspective and idealized beauty. He wrote influential books about human proportions. |
| Who was Nicholaus Copernicus? | He proposed the theory of "Heliocentric", that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. This was opposite of what the church believed. |
| Who was Andrea Vasalius? | He was a Belgian scientist that studied dead human bodies. He discovered that the human heart has four chamber. He wrote the first modern medical textbook. |
| Who was Isabella I? | She was the queen of Spain. She married Ferdinand and united Spain into one kingdom. She sponsored Columbus's voyages, which led to the discovery of America. |
| Who was Elizabeth I? | She was the queen of England. She changed unpopular policies and strengthened England's economy. She had political skill and inspired love and loyalty. Under her rule, England became rich and powerful. |
| Who was William Shakespeare? | He was an English poet and playwright. He wrote 38 plays and over 150 sonnets. Many people study his writings today. |
| Who was Miguel Cervantes? | He was a Spanish writer. He wrote "Don Quixote". It is a tale that makes fun of heroic knights and at Spanish society. |
| Who was Leondardo da Vinci? | He was an Italian artist and scientist. He is known as a "renaissance man" because he was skilled in a variety of areas. He sketched inventions that were ahead of his time. He painted the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper". |
| What teachings and actions led John Wycliffe to be called a heretic by the church? | He questioned the popes authority. He attacked indulgences and immoral behavior by clergy. He believed the Bible, not the Church, was the ultimate religious authority. He also translated the Bible into English. |
| What reforms did Jan Hus call for? | He called for an end to corruption among clergy. He wanted the Bible and mass to be offered in the people's ordinary language rather than latin. |
| In what way did Catherine of Siena's approach to faith help prepare people for the Reformation? | It showed people could lead spiritual lives that went beyond the norms of the Church. It emphasized personal experience of God over church practices. |
| Who was Desiderius Erasmus? How did he help to prepare Europe for the Reformation? | he was a humanist priest that wanted to reform the Church. He wrote "The Praise of Folly", a satire of society including abuses by clergy and church leaders. His attacks on corruption added to people's desire to leave Catholocism. |
| Why did Martin Luther write the Ninety-Five Theses and post them on the door of the church in Wittenberg? | He was outraged by the selling of indulgences. He posted the 95 theses to express his ideas about this practice. |
| How were Luther's beliefs different from those of the Catholic Church? | He believed salvation came from faith, not good work. He believed the Bible, not the pope, was the ultimate religious authority. He thought all christians were priests and should read the Bible for themselves. He felt sacraments had no basis in Bible. |
| What happened when Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms? | He refused to take back teachings and was declared a heretic by the emperor. The emperor forbade the printing of his ideas. |
| Name three things that helped the movement begun by Luther to spread across Europe. | People were tired of abuses and ready for change. The printing press helped spread Luther's ideas. The government leaders learned they could win independence from the Church. |
| What two Protestant reformers began new churches in Switzerland? | Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin. |
| What personal and political reasons led King Henry VIII to split with the Catholic Church? | He split from the Church so he could divorce and remarry. He would not have to share power and wealth. |
| Who was William Tyndale? What important contribution is he known for? | He was a priest and a scholar. He translated books of the Bible into English. He adopted protestant views and was burned at the stake. His translations are used in the King James Bible. |
| Be able to compare and contrast Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. (similarities and differences) | See Chapter 32. |
| What was the Council of Trent? What did the council do? | It was a meeting of Catholic church leaders that began to combat corruption and fight protestantism in 1545. It rejected predestination and justification by faith alone. It reaffirmed the sacraments and the church's authority to interpret the Bible. |
| What was the Society of Jesus? | This was a new order, also known as the Jesuits, formed to preach, educate people, and perform public services. The Jesuits were dedicated teachers and missionaries. |
| How did the Jesuits help strengthen the Catholic Church? | They founded schools and colleges, brought Europeans back to the Church and spread Catholicism in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. |
| What other things did the Catholic Church do to stop the spread of Protestantism? | It looked to Catholic rulers to support it and to win back lands lost to Protestantism. The pope started the Roman Inquisition, which condemned people whose views were considered dangerous. It dealt harshly with those it labeled heretics. |
| Be able to use a map of Europe and list the major regions/countries in which each type of religion was practiced during the Reformation. | See Section 32.6. |
| Describe at least two key effects of the Reformation on Europe and the world. | It led to a series of wars and persecutions. These created lasting divisions in Europe. These divisions spread to new lands. It led to a period of nationalism and monarchies that became stronger. It helped democratic ideas and practices. |
Created by:
lonniewood
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