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Med. Term. Review15
Female anatomy and Labor and Delivery
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vernix caseosa | covers the skin of the newborn. It is thick, white, and cheesy. it protects their skin from amniotic fluid in the uterus. |
| meconium | thick, greenish-black, sticky substance. Contains mucus and bile and skin cells. |
| lochia | small amounts of blood, tissue, and fluid that flows from the endometrium of the uterus 1 week postpartum. |
| colostrum | thick, yellowish fluid (first milk) produced from the breast after deliver of baby. |
| luteinizing hormone | stimulates a single follicle each month to rupture and release its ovum. Ruptured follicle now known as corpus luteum secretes estradiol and progesterone. |
| progesterone | like estradiol, causes the endometrium to thicken. |
| chromosomes XX | female (female always distributes an X to the pair. The male determines the sex of the newborn. He distributes either an X or a Y. |
| chromosomes XY | male |
| Conception/pregnancy Days 1-4 | zygote |
| Conception/pregnancy After 4 days to 8 weeks | embryo |
| Conception/pregnancy After 8 weeks to birth | fetus |
| Conception/pregnancy After birth | infant (newborn) |
| amnion | a membrane sac that produces amniotic fluid. The embryo floats in there. |
| chorion | outer layer of cells that produce human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Later becomes the placenta. Provides nutrients and oxygen to the embryo. |
| Endometrium | innermost layer of the uterus. Thickens during the menstrual cycle. If ovum is not fertilized, the lining is shed during menstruation. |
| follicle stimulating hormone | stimulates a follicle in the ovary to enlarge and produce a mature ovum. Secreted by anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates the follicles to produce estradiol. |
| estradiol | secreted by ovaries. Causes development of female sexual characteristics during puberty. (estrogen). Causes endometrium to thicken during menstrual cycle. |
| Apgar score | assigns a score to a newborn at 1-5 minutes after birth. Possible 10 points! -heart rate (2 pts.) -respiratory rate (2 pts.) -muscle tone (2 pts.) -response to stimulation (2 pts.) -skin color (2 pts.) |
| nulligravida | woman who has never been pregnant and is not pregnant currently. |
| primigravida | pregnant for the 1st time. |
| multigravida | pregnant more than once. |
| fimbriae | moving fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine tube |
| infundibulum | funnel-shaped part of the uterine tube. Ovum is carried here and passes through. |
| broad ligament | holds ovaries in place |
| follicles | located in ovaries. They rupture and release ova (eggs) during the menstrual cycle. |
| areola | pigmented area around the nipple. |
| testosterone | a male hormone secreted by cells around the follicle. It plays a role in the female sexual drive. |
| peritoneum | serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. It secretes peritoneal fluid that fills spaces between the intestines and other organs. |
| Braxton Hicks contractions | False labor. When uterus contracts itself irregularly to strengthen itself in preparation for childbirth. |
| effacement | thinning of cervical wall. Has to be 100% before delivery. |
| Size of cervix before delivery | 10 cm! |
| rupture of membranes | occurs and releases amniotic fluid (water breaks) |
| involution | process of uterus shrinking in size. |
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