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World History Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Charlemagne | or Charles the Great, who quickly seized control of the entire empire, was an imposing figure, 6 feet 4 meters |
| Concordat of Worms | a compromise that the church alone could grant a bishop housing and stuff. symbols of church office |
| Code of Chivalry | devoted themselves to their earthly feudal lord, heavenly feudal lord, and their chosen lady |
| Vikings | Germanic people, northernmen, they worshipped war-like gods. |
| Feudal System | peasants, knights, church officials, kings, nobles |
| Germanic Invasions | Germanic people near the rhine river |
| Women's role during Middle Ages | to be the inspiration for art |
| The Franks | Lead by Clovis, they were Christian Germanic people |
| Clovis | leader of the Franks. he united them into one kingdom |
| Gregory I | "Gregory the Great" became pope, broadened empire |
| Serf | a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate |
| Tithe | a family's payment of one-tenth of their income to the church |
| Carolingian Dynasty | a dynasty of frankish rulers from 751-987 AD |
| Manor | a lord's estate in feudal europe |
| Sacrament | one of the christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people |
| Canon Law | a body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian Church |
| Crusades | remember the 1st and 3rd |
| 1st Crusade | the only successful crusade |
| 3rd Crusade | 3 famous kings went on it, but only 1 king made it to the destination |
| Magna Carta | "great charter" a document guaranteeing basic political rights in england, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in 1215 AD |
| Three-Field System | a system of farming developing in Medieval Europe in which form land was divided into 3 fields of equal size and each of these was successivley planted with a winter crop, a spring crop, and left unplanted |
| Guild | a medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members wages and prices |
| Great Schism | a division in the medieval Roman Catholic church during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome |
| Toltec | an empire in central mexico. they were refugees from northern Teotihuac |
| Teothaucan | an early city state, the first major civilization of central america. had 125,000 people |
| Bubonic Plague | a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid 14th Century killing millions of people |
| Aztecs | Originally a poor nomadic people from the deserts of northern Mexico. Fierce and ambitious they gradually increased in strength and number. |
| Glyphs | symbolic pictures especially used as part of a writing system for carving messages in stone |
| Reconquista | the effort by christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain from the 1100's until 1442 |
| Mayans | Built an extraordinary civilization in the heart of mesoamerica. |
| Mayan Calendar | Based their calendar on careful observation of the planets such as the sun and the moon. |
| Triple Alliance | an association of the city state of Tenochtitlan and Texcoco |
| Incas | Created a powerful state in South America spreading outward in all directions. They developed traditions and beliefs that unified their empire. |
| Mita | a labor tribute that required all able bodied citizens to work for the state a certain number of days every year |
| Pachacuti | a leader who took the throne of the incan kingdom and expanded the empire quickly |
| Ayllu | in incan society a small community or clan whose members worked together for the common good |
| Renaissance | a period of European History lasting from about 1300 to 1600 during which renewed interest in arts and learning of Greece and Rome |
| Leonardo da Vinci | a famous artist and writer known for his mirror style writing |
| Henry the 8th (VIII) | King of England |
| Humanism | focused on human potential and achievements |
| Classical Texts | |
| Medici Family | a family that ruled florence |
| Renaissance Man | A man who excelled in many fields. |
| Martin Luther | german priest and professor who wrote the 95 theses and initiated the protestant reformation |
| Printing Press | a machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type |
| Secular | concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters |
| Reformation | a 16th century movement of religious reform |
| Perspective | a technique in paintings that indicates 3 dimensions |
| Vernacular | the everyday language of people in a religion or country |
| Mehmet II | Achieved the most dramatic feat in Ottoman history. He was an able ruler and magnificent warrior. |
| Henry the 8th (VII)'s children | Each of his 3 children eventually ruled england. |
| Act of Supremacy | a legislation that granted King Henry VII authority and declared him the head of the churhch |
| Catherine of Aaragon | King Henry the VIII's first wife who Henry later anulled |
| Anne Boleyn | the second wife of henry VII who ended up being beheaded for not giving him a son |
| Protestant | a member of a christian church founded on the principles of the reformation |
| Edict of Worms | issued by Charles V the holy roman emperor, it declared martin luther and outlaw |
| Indulgence | a pardon releasing a person from punishment due for a sin |
| Hernando Cortes | a famous spanish explorer who conquered mexico and the aztec empire |
| Christopher Columbus | a man who lead many expeditions for spain and founded an island in the carribbean and America |
| Columbian Exchange | the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occured during the European colonization of the america's |
| Encomienda | a greant of land made by spain to a settler in the Americas including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it |
| Mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver by selling more goods than the bought |
| Sparta | one of the strongest military states in greece |
| Peloponnesian War | a war between sparta and athens that started in 431 BC |
| Macedonia | a place north of greece that had rough mountains, a cold climate, and tough people who lived there |
| Darius III | a persian king who vowed to crush the Macedonians |
| Socrates | one of the strongest critics of the sophists, he believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice |
| Phalanx | a military formation for countries such as Greece |
| Polis | a city state that was the fundamental political unit in ancient greece |
| Acropolis | where male citizens gathered to conduct business |
| Tyrant | in ancient greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city state government by appealing to the poor for support |
| Oligarchy | a government which power is in the hands of a few people, especially one in which rule is based upon wealth. Sparta had this type of government |
| Persian War | a series of wars in the 5th Century BC in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire |
| Classical Art | the art of ancient Greece and ROme in which harmony, order, and balance were emphasized |
| 1st Triumvirate | Caesar joined forced with Crassus and Pompey in 593 BC and for the next 10 years they dominated Rome |
| Pax Romana | a period of Peace and Prosperity throughout the Roman Empire lasting from 27 BC to 180 AD |
| Five Good Emperors | 5 emperors were chosen to rule because the people elected them |
| Diaspora | the dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine |
| Jesus of Nazareth | a man who was born in Bethlehem, at a young age took up the trade of carpentry and later began teaching and preaching his ideas until he was crucified. |
| Early Roman Republic | |
| Islam | in arabic means "submission to the will of Allah" |
| Mecca | Holy city of Islam because it is the birthplace of Muhammad |
| Muhammad | was born into the clan of a powerful Meccan Family. Orphaned at the age of 6 and was raised by his grandfather and uncle |
| Muslim Empire | wanted the growth of Islam, northern Africa |
| Mongol Empire | the mongols conquered territory from China to Poland, created the largest unified land empire in history |
| Ghengis Khan | (Temujin) a mongolian Ruler |
| The Khanates | mongol empire was divided into 4 Khanates, the Great Khan, Khanate of Chagatai, the 2nd Khanate, and Khanate of the Golden Hoarde |
| Inconoclasts | people who destroyed images and icons |
| FIve Pillars of Islam | the 5 guidelines of Islams, follow faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and the pilgrimage |
| Justinian Code | a body of civil law that consisted of 4 works |
| Mongol Peace | mid 1200's to the mid 1300's the mongols impose stability and law and order across much of Eurasia |
| Pastoralist | a person who raises livestock |
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